Misc 1
What is dynamic equilibrium?
The rate of particles moving is in both directions and is equal.
Darwin- Define feedback mechanism.
A regulatory mechanism in living organisms that creates a loop that can either return things back to normal (negative feedback) or amplify a change (positive feedback).
Emry- What is an organelle?
A specialized structure within a cell that does a specific job. Think of organs, but for cells!
Angelisse, et. al- What is active transport?
A type of cell transport that requires the usage of ATP/energy to move molecules or ions against their concentration gradient.
Angelisse, et. al- What is homeostasis?
A state of equilibrium within an organism.
Darwin and James- Who discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
A bunch of fruit is in a basket. You place a banana in it. The fruit ripens faster. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop?
Positive.
Angelisse, et. al- This organelle transports materials throughout the cell.
Golgi apparatus / Golgi body
Will- Define hypertonic.
The solute concentration outside of the cell is greater than inside of the cell, making the water inside the cell leave.
James- Who was the first person to discover living cells?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
James- What is the cell membrane mostly composed of?
Phospholipids and proteins.
Angelisse, et. al- Is regulating your body temperature a positive or negative feedback loop?
Negative.
Joshua and James- What is so special about the mitochondria?
It produces ATP/energy, which cells need to survive, has its own DNA, and can divide on its own.
Why can't you put distilled water in a hospital IV? Is distilled water hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic to our cells?
Hypotonic. The solute concentration inside of the blood cells is greater than the surrounding solution, causing a bunch of water to enter the cells. The cells swell and explode, causing a decrease in red blood cell count and inducing symptoms similar to hemolytic anemia (trouble getting oxygen, loss of energy, a pale complexion, etc).
James- What is the cell membrane mostly composed of?
Phospholipids and proteins
What is different about animal cells and plant cells in terms of their structure? (At least 3 answers)
- Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
- Animal cells have lysosomes and small vacuoles.
Explain what happens when an organism can no longer maintain homeostasis. What can affect an organism's ability to maintain homeostasis?
- Conditions that are too extreme can cause a permanent disruption of homeostasis, causing the organism to perish due to its inability to keep up with the extreme changes.
- Examples of factors: pH, temperature, light levels, pressure, disease, stress, electrolyte imbalances, water intake, radiation, toxins, etc.
Angelisse, et. al- This organelle is responsible for generating the cell's energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria.
James- What form of transport moves small nonpolar or small polar molecules?
Diffusion (passive transport).
Angelisse, et. al- The net movement of particles along the concentration gradient is called____?
Diffusion
What are the key differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus and instead have a free-floating bundle of DNA known as a nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Explain why placing a clownfish in freshwater is bad animal husbandry.
The clownfish will die from water poisoning. Since the freshwater is hypotonic and the clownfish has evolved to conserve water in a saltwater environment, too much water enters the cells.
Angelisse, et. al- What manufactures and modifies lipids?
Smooth ER
Active transport.
Joshua and James- What are the three main components of the modern cell theory?
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
Cells carry genetic material in the form of DNA, which is passed from parent to daughter cell.