Race/
Ethnicity
Ethnicity
“A preconceived opinion regarding an ethnic, racial, social, or religious group, that is not based on reason or actual experience” is the definition of what?"
What is prejudice?
What does the acronym LIEM mean?
People with Low-Income and Economic Marginalization (avoid using poor people/low-class people)
adherence to common beliefs, behaviors, and practices associated with a particular faith tradition and community, which provides guidance and oversight
What is religion?
“A statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group such as a racial or ethnic minority” is the definition of what?"
What is a microaggression?
An environment that offers affirmation, celebration, and appreciation of different approaches, styles, perspectives, and experiences, thus allowing all individuals to bring in their whole selves (and all their identities) and to demonstrate their strengths and capacity.
What is inclusion?
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race is “a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits,” most commonly skin color, and ascribing social meaning to those groups.
Whereas ethnicity describes the culture of people in a given geographic region, including their language, heritage, religion, and customs.
What is the difference between equity and equality? Provide an example.
health equity: ensuring that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. This requires removing obstacles to health such as poverty, discrimination, and their consequences, including powerlessness and lack of access to good jobs with fair pay, quality education and housing, safe environments, and health care (Braveman et al., 2017).
access - the elimination of discrimination and other barriers that contribute to inequitable opportunities to join and be a part of work group, organization, or community (APA, 2021b).
Psychology, the study of the psyche or human spirit, has historical roots in philosophy and religion. True or false?
true
What is cultural competence?
the ability to understand, appreciate and interact with people from cultures or belief systems different from one's own (APA)
What is the difference between covert and overt racism? Do you have an example?
Overt racism is based on evidence, data, patterns, and/or history (socially unacceptable)
Covert racism is subtle and unspoken—and often more difficult to recognize and grapple with than overt racism (socially acceptable)
What does BIPOC stand for?
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color
Psychology students are powerless in making a difference in people of lower SES. True or false?
false
Little research has demonstrated the efficacy of incorporating spiritual and religious beliefs in psychotherapy. True or false?
false
Name 4 different kinds of privileges someone can possess.
Any 4 of: racial (White), religious (Christian), gender (male), sexual orientation (heterosexual), SES (upper to upper-middle class), Ability (able-bodied), Age (young), etc.
Intergenerational trauma can be passed biologically. True or false?
true
In 2017, nearly half (48%) of the people serving life and “virtual life” prison sentences were African American and another 15% were Latino. More than 80% of large metropolitan areas in the United States were more segregated in 2019 than they were in 1990. The gap between high- and low-income students’ test scores is about 40 percent larger among children born in the early 2000s than among those born in the 1970s, affecting their success as adults. The odds of living in one of the most environmentally hazardous zip codes were 6.2, 5.8, 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 times greater for Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and other or multiracial individuals, respectively, than for non-Hispanic Whites. In the 1970s, psychiatrists added the word “aggressive” to the definition of schizophrenia, and marketed pharmaceuticals directly at Black patients who they felt were more “out of control.” These are all examples of what construct?
systemic racism
What is “The American Dream?” Is it helpful? Could it be harmful?
idealization bias
the obsessional fear of thinking or behaving immorally or against one's religious belief
scrupulosity
In 2019, what percentage of the psychology workforce identified as being non-White (i.e. - Hispanic, Black, or Asian)?
14% (APA; highlights lack of diversity within the field)
Structural, Institutional, Interpersonal, Internalized are all types of what?
racism
You are a white, Jewish male clinician. Your new African American female patient walks into the room and appears very uncomfortable. After a few minutes she interrupts you to tell you that she’d rather see a female therapist, preferably from the same background as her because there is no way you could understand her struggles with racism. How do you discuss this in a sensitive way that invites the topic of racial/gender identity into the room?
(judges discretion) Validate, be curious, discuss your role as a clinician, invite dialogue through the lens of social justice and advocacy, validate/address the societal, historical and political issues that have oppressed African American female populations. Do not try to fix the way she feels, talk about other patients with similar issues, or say “I understand,” just be open to hearing her perspective and validating the unfair way our society is.
What are some ways psychologists hold biases toward individuals who are from LIEM backgrounds?
If they just pushed themselves, tried harder.
Clients from LIEM backgrounds are less introspective, have “lower estimated intelligence," and more severe symptoms than higher income individuals.
“They don’t come in.”
"They don't care."
“Katina” presented to psychotherapy with depression. She identified as a 42‐year‐old African American, cisgender woman, and her most salient identity was her Christian faith. Picking up on this, her therapist explored Katina’s religious history and the role that religion/spirituality played in her life. They discussed ways she desired to incorporate this into treatment. Katina reported growing up in a strict religious family, where she felt she could never be good enough. She recounted episodes of physical and emotional abuse by her father throughout childhood, and the untimely death of her mother from cancer when she was a teenager. Katina identified her Christian faith as a source of coping and hope in the midst of this loss, but as psychotherapy progressed, she also became more aware of her anger toward God because she believed that God took her mother away or (at best) allowed bad things to happen. How would you incorporate faith in Katina’s treatment?
Katina identified her most problematic core beliefs as (a) I am worthless and no one can ever love and accept me as I am, and (b) bad things keep happening to me and God does not stop them, so I cannot fully trust him. As Katina and her therapist modified these negative core beliefs in the context of her faith, she found comfort in meditating on Scripture passages about God’s presence and unconditional love. Katina identified that listening to Christian music, journaling, taking reflective prayer walks, and attending a small group at her church were all ways she could incorporate daily spiritual practices, rather than being controlled by negative self‐talk.
When getting to know your new client and discussing identity with them, the client defines themselves as a female, bi-sexual, Asian-American, Buddhist, lawyer. They tell you that these multiple identities and social categorizations create overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage that affect them. This is an example of what construct?
intersectionality
Jennifer posts a black box on her Instagram page in support of the BLM movement. At school, a classmate shares her lived experience of feeling hypervisible in a doctorate program. A peer responds “This is too political, and not everything is about race.” Jennifer remained silent. Jennifer’s response is an example of?
performative allyship