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“In summer, when long daylight hours stimulate growth in the sparse vegetation,musk oxen live well and grow fat. In winter, food plants lie deep under hard-packed
snow, which the oxen scrape away with their hooves. This is the hungry time, when they survive mainly on the fat that they stored during the summer. Others, too, are hungry, including bands of timber wolves, which metimes follow the musk oxen. In spring, when the calves are born, the wolves become particularly menacing. The musk oxen form a defensive ring, with calves and young animals in the middle. Even a dozen wolves attacking together stand little chance against that circle of lowered heads and sturdy horns.”
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