Cell Structures
This organelle controls most cell activities and contains the cell's DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This molecule carries the genetic instructions that determine inherited characteristics.
What is DNA?
This process produces two genetically identical daughter cells through nuclear division.
What is mitosis?
This plant organ absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
What are roots?
This organ pumps blood throughout the human body.
What is the heart?
This organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it produces most of the ATP used by the cell.
What is the mitochondrion?
This is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for making a functional product, such as a protein.
What is a gene?
This is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, performs normal functions, and copies its DNA.
What is interphase?
This vascular tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
What is xylem?
This type of tissue contracts to produce movement.
What is muscle tissue?
This selectively permeable structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
Most human body cells contain this many chromosomes.
What is 46?
During this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
These tiny openings, usually found on leaves, allow gases to enter and exit the plant.
What are stomata?
These tiny air sacs in the lungs are the main sites where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
What are alveoli?
This process allows water to move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.
What is osmosis?
This term describes a change in the DNA sequence that may affect the function of a gene.
What is a mutation?
This process divides the cytoplasm, forming two separate daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
This process involves the evaporation of water from plant surfaces, especially through the stomata, helping pull water upward through the xylem.
What is transpiration?
hese tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
What are villi?
A cell is producing large amounts of proteins to be released outside the cell. Name the three organelles involved in making, modifying, and packaging these proteins.
What are the ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus?
Although skin cells and muscle cells contain essentially the same DNA, they have different structures and functions because of this process.
What is differential gene expression (turning different genes on and off)?
When mutations disrupt the normal controls of the cell cycle, cells may divide uncontrollably and cause this disease.
What is cancer?
This vascular tissue transports sugars produced during photosynthesis from sources, such as mature leaves, to other parts of the plant.
What is phloem?
After nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine into the blood, these two organ systems work together to transport the nutrients to body cells and use them to release energy.
What are the circulatory and respiratory systems?