Ulcerative Colitis
This common symptom of ulcerative colitis involves frequent, bloody stools.
What is bloody diarrhea?
This habit is an environmental risk factor that worsens Crohn’s disease.
What is smoking?
This dietary factor, common in Western diets, increases the risk of diverticulosis.
What is a low-fiber diet?
This is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, often requiring ERCP for treatment.
What are gallstones?
This type of hepatitis is commonly spread through contaminated food or water.
What is Hepatitis A?
This protein, found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers celiac disease in susceptible individuals.
What is gluten?
This early symptom of appendicitis starts as vague pain around the navel.
What is perium Ascites pain?
This mnemonic, “Female, Fat, Fertile, Forty,” describes risk factors for this condition.
What is cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
This ethnic group has a higher incidence of ulcerative colitis, particularly Ashkenazi populations.
Who are Jewish people?
Unlike ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease features this pattern of inflammation, with healthy areas between affected ones.
What are skip lesions?
This condition refers to the presence of asymptomatic pouches in the colon wall.
What is diverticulosis?
This chronic condition results from long-term alcohol abuse and leads to pancreatic fibrosis.
What is chronic pancreatitis?
This chronic complication of Hepatitis B or C involves liver scarring and can lead to liver failure.
What is cirrhosis?
This itchy, blistering skin rash is an extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease.
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
This age group, between 10 and 30, is most commonly affected by appendicitis.
What are teens and young adults?
This type of pain, triggered by fatty meals, is a hallmark of symptomatic gallstones.
What is biliary colic?
This complication, characterized by a massively dilated colon, can occur in severe ulcerative colitis.
What is toxic megacolon?
This intestinal complication of Crohn’s disease involves abnormal connections between bowel segments or other organs.
What are fistulas?
This symptom, typically sharp pain in the left lower quadrant, is a hallmark of diverticulitis.
What is abdominal pain?
This clinical sign, bruising around the umbilicus, may indicate severe acute pancreatitis.
What is Cullen’s sign?
This classic symptom of hepatitis involves yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin.
What is jaundice?
This genetic marker, present in nearly all celiac patients, includes HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8.
What are HLA genes?
his physical sign, pain in the right lower quadrant when pressing on the left, is associated with appendicitis.
What is Rovsing’s sign?
This physical sign, pain on palpation during inspiration, indicates acute cholecystitis.
What is Murphy’s sign?
This class of drugs, including mesalamine, is the first-line treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.
What are 5-ASA agents?
This biologic drug, an anti-TNF agent, is commonly used to manage moderate to severe Crohn’s disease.
What is infliximab?
This imaging modality is the gold standard for diagnosing diverticulitis and its complications like abscesses.
What is a CT scan?
These two enzymes, elevated at least three times the upper limit, are key diagnostic markers for acute pancreatitis.
What are amylase and lipase?
This class of drugs, such as sofosbuvir, offers a cure rate over 95% for Hepatitis C.
What are direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)?
This diagnostic test, showing villous atrophy in the small intestine, confirms celiac disease.
What is a duodenal biopsy?
This imaging technique, showing a dilated appendix over 6mm, is preferred for diagnosing appendicitis in children and pregnant women.
What is ultrasound?
This surgical procedure, often laparoscopic, is the definitive treatment for symptomatic gallstones.
What is cholecystectomy?
This diagnostic test, showing continuous inflammation and pseudopolyps, is the gold standard for confirming ulcerative colitis.
What is a colonoscopy with biopsy?
This imaging technique, often using enterography, helps visualize Crohn’s inflammation and complications like strictures.
What is CT or MRI?
This surgical procedure, involving colon resection, may be required for recurrent diverticulitis or perforation.
What is a colectomy?
This intervention, involving pancreatic enzyme replacement, is crucial for managing malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis.
What is enzyme therapy (e.g., Creon)?
This diagnostic marker, HBsAg, indicates an active Hepatitis B infection.
What is Hepatitis B surface antigen?
This antibody, anti-tTG-IgA, is the most sensitive and specific serologic test for celiac disease screening.
What is anti-tissue transglutaminase?
This complication of appendicitis, involving diffuse abdominal pain and high fever, indicates a ruptured appendix.
What is peritonitis?
This imaging test, showing non-filling of the gallbladder, confirms cystic duct obstruction in acute cholecystitis.
What is a HIDA scan?