sympathetic nervous system
what is the quote that deals with SNS
fight or flight
what is the quote that deals with PNS
rest and digest
possible causes of head injury
trauma, falls, acceleration/ deceleration injuries
pathophysiology
Acute inflammation of the brain
Often caused by viral infection (HSV most common)
a critical late sign of severe increased intracranial pressure (ICP), signaling brain stem compression, and consists of three key indicators: hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations
cushing's triad
heart rate and blood pressure is what during SNS response
increased
heart rate and blood pressure is
priority assessment of head injury
level of consciousness
signs and symptoms
fever, altered mental state, seizures, photophobia, stiff neck
cerebral spinal fluid may show what in the eyes
A HALO RING
GI motility is
constrict
what else to check after a head injury
pupil size and reactivity, vital signs, motor strength and symmetry, CSF leak (halo sign), skull fracture
nursing care
maintain airway and oxygen, seizure precautions, watch for increased ICP, neuro assessments, dark and quiet room
what do the pupils do
dilate
PNS stimulates
digestion and salivation
what are signs of skull fracture
raccoon eyes, battle's sign
breathing is made easier due to
bronchodilation
breathing is harder due to
bronchoconstriction
warning signs of increased ICP
headache, vomiting, altered LOC, seizures, posturing, decreased pupil size