The Empire
This emperor divided the Roman Empire into four regions to make it easier to govern.
tetrarchy / Diocletian
This empress convinced her husband not to flee during the Nika Riots, saving his throne.
Theodora
This statement of Christian belief was created to unify the church and settle theological arguments.
Nicene Creed
These two design features are most associated with Byzantine church architecture.
domes and mosaics
This chemical weapon used by the Byzantines burned even in water and was a closely guarded military secret.
Greek Fire
Constantinople was previously known by this name before it was renamed.
Byzantium
This emperor converted to Christianity after a vision at the Battle of Milvian Bridge.
Constantine
These people went into churches and destroyed holy images, believing their use was a form of idol worship.
Iconoclasts
This massive church rebuilt by Justinian was the largest Christian church in the world for nearly a thousand years
Hagia Sophia
This structure stretched across the Golden Horn and prevented enemy ships from entering Constantinople's harbor.
sea chain
Constantinople's location at the end of this famous trade route made it one of the wealthiest cities in the world.
Silk Road
This emperor created a unified legal code that became the foundation of law across the Byzantine Empire.
Justinian
The Great Schism of 1054 permanently split Christianity into these two churches.
Roman Catholic Church/Eastern Orthodox Church
This exclusive color of silk was reserved only for the Byzantine emperor and his family.
purple / Tyrian purple
These famous triple-layered walls were so intimidating that Attila the Hun turned back rather than attack the city.
Theodosian Walls
The western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD while this eastern half survived for nearly another thousand years.
Byzantine Empire
This Ottoman sultan led the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.
Mehmed II / Mehmed the Conqueror
Byzantine missionaries created this alphabet to help translate the Bible into Slavic languages, spreading Christianity northward.
Cyrillic alphabet
After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into this type of building
A mosque
The Ottomans used these massive gunpowder weapons to finally break through Constantinople's legendary walls in 1453.
cannons / bombards
The fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 caused many Byzantine scholars to flee west, contributing to the beginning of this European movement.
the Renaissance
This famous Mongol ruler built the largest contiguous land empire in history and whose invasions weakened the Byzantine trade network.
Genghis Khan
The head of the Roman Catholic Church is the Pope, while the Eastern Orthodox Church is led by these figures who share authority equally.
patriarchs
Byzantine art differed from earlier Roman art in this major way — figures were depicted this way rather than realistically.
flat, stylized, and spiritual
The Mongol destruction of this city in 1258 ended the Islamic Golden Age and devastated the Muslim world.
Baghdad