Founders
The founder of sociology who coined the term.
Who is August Comte?
This theory claims competition is the animating force in society.
What is conflict theory?
Another word for non-material culture.
What is symbolic culture?
A place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place.
What is a total institution?
Achieved Status vs. Ascribed Status
Achieved Status: positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve some effort or activity on the individual's part.
Ascribed Status: positions inherited at birth or received involuntarily later in life.
This individual was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard.
Who W.E.B. DuBois?
This is a micro level theory that focuses on face-to-face interactions, symbols, and shared meaning.
What is symbolic interactionism?
The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life.
What is culture shock?
Because one anticipates a future role, one learns part of it now.
What is anticipatory socialization?
List 5 of the 10 the social institutions.
What are:
family, religion, education, economy, medicine, politics, law, science, military, mass media?
This individual founded Hull House.
Who is Jane Addams?
This theory looks at how various institutions work together to keep society working in harmony.
What is functionalism?
The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors.
What is ethnocentrism?
List at least 5 agents of socialization.
What are:
the family, our peers, the mass media, neighborhood, religion, day care, school, sports, and the workplace.
Description of: Role strain vs. Role conflict.
What is:
Strain - within one role?
Conflict - between roles?
This individual was a functionalist and wanted sociology to become an academic discipline.
Who is Emile Durkheim?
The work of Garfinkle.
What is ethnomethodology?
What are breaching experiments?
The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.
What are values?
Description the experiment by Skeels and Dye.
What is the orphanage experiment where researchers studied IQ comparing orphans living in an orphanage with orphans living with women who were mentally ill?
Comparison of Durkheim and Tonnies views on what holds society together.
Gemeinschaft: personal, intimate
Gesellschaft: impersonal
Mechanical: similar tasks
Organic: division of labor, everyone needs others to help fulfill functions
This sociologist was an early theorist of social Darwinism.
Who is Herbert Spencer?
The work of Goffman.
What is Dramaturgy?
These are expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms. For one you receive a positive reaction and for the other you receive a negative reaction.
What are sanctions, positive and negative?
Significant Other vs. Generalized Other.
Significant Other: an individual who significantly influences someone else
Generalized Other: norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”
The five functional requisites.
Society must
Replace Members, Socialize New Members, Produce and Distribute Goods and Services, Preserve Order, Provide a Sense of Purpose