Culture (2)
Do sociologists think that culture is learned or innate?
learned
List 2 of the 3 attributes of a group.
share some attribute, identify with one another, interact with each other
The larger a group, the more likely that relationships will be based upon these.
Rules and regulations
For sociologists, using the term “deviant” is this type of a judgement.
social
The two main divisions of crime under the Uniform Crime Report.
violent and property
A norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking of violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion (e.g. prohibition on cannibalism)
taboo
Sociologists term for acquaintances who have a significant impact on us.
Consequential strangers
In very cohesive groups, the tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement.
Groupthink
In Labelling Theory, this refers to the subsequent deviant identity or career that develops as a result of being labeled deviant.
Secondary deviance
Being a drug dealer involves this type of stigma, because it entails signs of a flawed character.
moral
A handshake would be a positive example of this, while a fine would be a negative example.
sanction
Granovetter’s research suggests that this type of tie is especially important in getting jobs.
Weak
This experiment had to be called off part way through out of concern for the well-being of participants.
Stanford Prison Experiment
Two of the three functions for society served by deviance according to Functionalism.
Clarifies moral boundaries, promotes social cohesion, can promote social change
In 2019, the majority of hate crimes (58%) were motivated by this.
race
This is a system of communication using vocal sounds, gestures, or written symbols.
language
Family or close friends would be an example of this type of group.
Primary
The strongest and most long-lasting type of conformity in which individuals adopt the beliefs of a leader or the group as their own.
internalization
According to Structural Strain theory, a conformist must accept society’s approved version of both of these.
goals and means
These people are the most likely to commit murder.
Friends or relatives
Rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a particular culture.
norms
Sociologists term for a temporary gathering of people in a public place; members might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact
Crowd
A group toward which an individual feels opposition, rivalry, hostility (e.g. a rival gang).
out-group
Two of the three problems with Differential Association Theory.
Not all rule breakers hang out with deviants; not everyone who hangs out with a deviant becomes deviant; sometimes deviance is not a willful act.
Among stigmatized individuals, this involves the rejection of prevailing judgements or prejudice and the development of new standards that value their group identity.
In-group orientation