Reasoning
Poverty
Lateral Reading / Claim
Logical Fallacies
Mystery
100
What is a Deductive argument?
Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed or intended to follow necessarily from the premises.
100
How is Poverty defined as a social problem? (Not a definition, but think measurements).
By the way it is measured. The U.S. has two ways to measure poverty:
• 1. The Official Poverty Line
• 2. Supplemental Poverty Measure
(SPM)
100
Describe Lateral Reading
A strategy used to evaluate the credibility of information, especially online, by quickly checking multiple sources side-by-side instead of just reading one source straight through.
100
Describe False Dilemma
Logical fallacy that occurs when a situation is presented as having only two possible options or outcomes, when in fact there may be many more.
100
What is Inductive arguments?
Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed or intended to follow probably from the premises.
200
"Necessarily, logically, it must be the case that, this proves that" are indicator words of....?
Deductive Reasoning
200
What are the two measures of Poverty?
Official Poverty Measure:basic income vs. outdated threshold, ignoring taxes and benefits.
Supplemental Poverty Measure: (more realistic) accounts for taxes, benefits, expenses, and modern costs.
200
All of the following are reliable EXCEPT which?
.org, .edu, .gov, .com
.com -- not verified as well, anyone can make a .com.
200
Describe Hasty Generalization
Logical fallacy in which someone makes a broad or sweeping conclusion based on insufficient, unrepresentative, or limited evidence.
200
Write out a slippery slope example.
EX: If we allow students to redo one assignment for a better grade, next they’ll want to redo every test, then every class will be negotiable, and soon we won’t have any academic standards at all.
300
Michael is a medicine student.
Most medicine students own tablets.
So, probably michael owns a tablet.
Is this Inductive or Deductive reasoning?
Inductive Reasoning
"probably"
300
What happened to Poverty in the United States from 2020 to 2021? (Be Specific)
U.S. poverty rate has jumped from 8.9% in 2020 to 10.3% in 2021.
300
What should you look for in Lateral Reading?
Ending of website (.org, .edu, .com etc), the content of the website (bias or influenced), the author.
300
Describe Circular Reasoning
Logical fallacy in which the conclusion of an argument is assumed in the premise, rather than supported by evidence.
The argument goes in a circle — it tries to prove something by simply restating it in different words.
300
Write out a deductive statement.
EX:
All birds have feathers.
A penguin is a bird.
Therefore, a penguin has feathers.
400
IS IT DEDUCTIVE OR INDUCTIVE?
Over the past two decades, countries that have implemented comprehensive early childhood education programs—such as Finland, Singapore, and Canada—have consistently shown higher literacy rates and long-term academic performance.
In several recent studies, students who attended such programs also demonstrated improved social skills, emotional regulation, and lower dropout rates compared to those who did not.
Therefore, it is likely that investing in early childhood education leads to broad academic and developmental benefits across different national contexts.
Inductive Reasoning
400
Provide examples of Safety Net programs.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Helps low-income families buy food. Formerly known as “food stamps.”
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
Provides cash assistance and support services like job training to families in need.
Medicaid
Offers free or low-cost health insurance for low-income individuals and families.
400
People are supposed to do their part in a group-project so that work is distributed fairly.
Is this a proper claim?
No Identified Responsible Agent (be more specific)
No "Should"
400
Compare and Contrast Appeal to Authority vs Celebrity Status
Appeal to Authority is a fallacy that occurs when someone argues that a claim must be true because an authority figure says it's true — without presenting actual evidence.
Appeal to Celebrity Status is a fallacy occurs when someone believes a claim is true or valid just because a celebrity endorses it, regardless of the celebrity's actual expertise or credibility on the subject
400
How does Symbolic Interactionism view Poverty?
The way poverty is discussed; words used to describe the issue. Or, the imagery representing poverty.
500
IS IT DEDUCTIVE OR INDUCTIVE?
All constitutional democracies are based on the rule of law, which requires that government actions be justified by legal authority.
Since Country X is a constitutional democracy and its recent surveillance law lacks judicial oversight, it violates the foundational principle of rule of law.
Therefore, by the very standards that define its governmental system, Country X’s surveillance law is unconstitutional.
Deductive Reasoning
500
How might conflict theory and functionalism explain poverty.
Functionalism may view poverty as a functioning part of society -- to have a working society, people may have to be in poverty.
Conflict Theory may view poverty as the differences between social classes and competition for resources; rich become richer and poor become poorer.
500
Write out a Claim with all of the components.
Includes:
"Should"
Responsible Agent
Action/Affirmative
500
Describe Ad Hominem, then write out or give an example.
A fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead of addressing the argument itself.
EX: Of course he doesn't know anything about cars -- he never got his bachelor's degree.
500
The U.S. department of agriculture should focus on creating safer procedures for crop harvesting to avoid digestive issues.
Is this a good claim? why?
Yes:
Has agent: "U.S. Department of Agriculture"
Has "should"
Has "Affirmative/action" : Focus on creating safer procedures for crop harvesting to avoid digestive issues.