Data Analysis
The type of variable that has rank-ordered categories without an equal distance between each one.
What is an ordinal variable?
The variable which has causal influence on another variable.
What is an independent variable?
A type of sampling that uses random selection to give all possible participants an equal chance in being included.
What is probability sampling?
The type of research design in a study that looks at two contrasting cases (for example, two case studies or two cross-sectional studies).
What is comparative research design?
A question that allows participants to fill in an answer in their own words. For example, "What causes the most stress in your life?"
What is an open question?
The type of analysis that analyzes one variable (for example, the percentage of people who answer cats vs. dogs on a question about pet preferences).
What is univariate analysis?
The variable which changes based on another variable.
What is a dependent variable?
The type of sampling in a study where a researcher randomly selects emails from a list of all UCLA students.
What is simple random sampling?
The research design of a study that looks at multiple cases at a single point in time, as in the Kahneman and Deaton "Does Money By Happiness" study.
The type of question that has to be re-coded for analysis in the opposite direction it was asked.
What is a reverse-coded question?
The type of analysis needed to answer, "Is income associated with happiness?"
What is bivariate analysis?
A study with experimental design is usually strong in this type of validity.
What is internal validity?
The type of sampling used by a researcher who divides respondents into groups based on reported gender and then randomly selects a certain number from each group.
What is stratified sampling?
The type of research design for the study where researchers randomly selected people who graduated from high school in Wisconsin in 1957 and have repeatedly surveyed them since.
What is a longitudinal (cohort) design?
The idea that someone's answer to a question can be shaped by when it's asked in a survey or interview.
What is order bias?
The probability that a statistical result was gotten by chance.
What is a p-value?
A cross-sectional study is usually weaker in this type of validity. (2 possible answers)
What is internal/measurement validity?
The type of non-probability sampling that would be appropriate if you were looking for respondents who use non-prescribed prescription stimulant medications for studying.
What is snowball sampling?
The type of case study exemplified by the case study of Genie.
What is a critical case study?
The ordering effect that causes people to answer questions that tap the same attitude in a similar way. For example, "Should UCLA reduce class sizes?" and "Is it hard to get into the classes you want?"
What is consistency bias?
The type of analysis that would help a researcher determine if professor gender influences student grades independent of other factors such as race or field of study.
What is multivariate analysis?
The independent variable in the Riddle & Sinclair study on racial bias and school disciplinary action.
What is (implicit/explicit) racial bias?
The type of sampling used by the Stanley et al. study of trust.
What is non-probability sampling?
The research design of the Lu et al. study on COVID-19 and discrimination against Asian and Hispanic people.
What is experimental design?
The ordering effect that influences responses to the following two questions: Should kids say a prayer in school each day? Should kids say the pledge of allegiance in school each day?
What is contrast bias?