Sociology and Social Science Research
What is make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, conduct research, accept hypothesis or reject hypothesis?
What is inductive research?
A researcher that tests a hypothesis about how political preferences shift after a climate change disaster is doing what kind of research?
What is deductive research?
This is also known as the "treatment" variable.
The probability that the observed data occurred by chance if the null hypothesis is true.
What is a p-value?
Emile Durkheim says that this is a scientific name for the the values, cultural/social norms and social structures that influence individual action.
What is a Social Fact?
This observational research method is used to collect repeated data from different populations, or representative subsets, at a single point in time.
What is a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study?
A testable statement predicting a relationship between two or more variables.
What is a hypothesis?
The concept of stress can be best operationalized in which way:
1. What is self-reported anxiety levels on a 1-10 scale.
This sociologist coined the term sociological imagination, emphasizing the connection between individual experiences and larger social forces?
Who is C. Wright Mills?
Models that can generate both theories on the one hand, and biases/blind spots on the other.
What is a paradigm?
A statement that there is no relationship between the variables being studied.
What is a null hypothesis?
This is a level of measurement has distances between each attribute that are meaningful with an existing real-zero point.
What is ratio?
This correlation is not ideal for proving causation because the confounder affects both the independent variable and the dependent variable
What is a spurious correlation?
A statement that has been repeatedly tested and supported by evidence
What is a theory?
If a social scientist wanted to research individuals who have recently moved to a new city, which of the following methods would most effectively capture the nuanced feelings and personal stories of the participants?
1- A survey measuring the number of times participants visited a local park.
2- A series of structured interviews exploring participants’ emotions and challenges during their transition.
3- An analysis of crime statistics before and after the influx of new residents.
4- A focus group that gathers numerical data on satisfaction levels on use of local services
What is 2, a series of structured interviews exploring participants' emotions and challenges during their transition?
If a researcher is interested in how discrimination of people based on their sexual orientation impacts job prospects. The characteristics of sexual orientations are called.
What is attributes?
Identify the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: "People who sleep more than 8 hours a night perform better on memory tests."
What is memory tests?
In a study on the relationship between sleep and test performance, researchers find that the effect of sleep on performance is stronger for students who drink coffee regularly. What role does coffee play in this relationship?
What is a moderator?
Both social and natural sciences aim to understand complex systems. Provide an example of a phenomenon that can be studied from both a social science and a natural science perspective.
What is climate change?
This research study faces the risk of participant attrition (dropping out), reducing its sample size over time.
What is a longitudinal study?
In order to establish causality, researchers must show that the cause occurs before the effect. This concept is called:
What is establish time order/ direction of effect?
In the research question, "How does family income affect children's educational achievement?"The unit of analysis is..
What is individual children?
This is the square root of the variance and gives a more interpretable measure of spread in the same units as the original data.
What is standard deviation?