Beliefs + Judgments
People tend to be more confident then they are ________.
Correct
Juan needed to decide if he should live at home with his parents or in a dorm this year. He liked the idea of the freedom of the dorm but knew it was cheaper to live at home. According to _________ ________ theory, in order to reduce dissonance after deciding to stay at home Juan will likely feel confident that he made the best decision; dorms are expensive and dirty anyway.
cognitive dissonance
People are more likely to be self-critical and focus less on positive self-views in a(n) _____ culture.
collectivist
In the context of ethics of experimentation and social-psychological research, we must be cautious about
A)inferring cause and effect from experiments.
B)the types of subjects used.
C)generalizing from the laboratory to life.
generalizing from the lab to life
Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents
Illusory correlation
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _____ situational influences and _____dispositional influences on behavior.
underestimate, overestimate
In the ABCs of attitudes, "A" stands for
affect
affect, behavioral,cognitive
e extent to which one evaluates one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others is called
social comparison
According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _____ and ______- of their future emotions.
Festinger and Carlsmith found that participants paid just $1 to lie to another student about how much they enjoyed a task displayed greater attitude change than those paid $20 to tell the same lie. These results are best explained by
Insufficient Justification
Essentially, insufficient justification is when an individual utilizes internal motivation to justify a behavior.
Mike was the witness to a car accident in which a driver in an SUV disregarded a yield sign and crashed into sports car. When questioned, the police officer says, "How fast was the driver of the SUV going when he ran that stop sign?" A week later, when asked to recall the accident again, Mike reports the driver of the SUV running a stop sign. This is an example of
misinformation effect
If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such, this would be an example of how
moral actions feeds moral attitudes
Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of
self serving bias
Kadri wants to impress her teacher by behaving well at her college monthly convention. She tries to create a positive image of herself among her friends and teachers. This is an example of _____.
self presentation
We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we perceive others in a different manner than our own selves. This is known as the
Actor-observer perspective
Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as
belief perseverance
Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action to the reward. If so, this would undermine their self-perception that they do it because they like it. This is called
overjustification effect
The overjustification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. After the winning touchdown was scored, he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" The next morning, however, his mood returned to normal. This is an example of
impact bias
A psychology professor wants to determine if there is a relationship between hours spent on studying and grades. Therefore, the professor collects data on the time spent for studying by each student and then compares it with their grades. Which type of research is this?
correlational research
The cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are called
demand characteristics
Which of the following strategies might be helpful in reducing the overconfidence bias?
A) Inform about overconfidence
B)Getting others thinking why their judgments may be wrong
C)Delay feedback regarding the accuracy of their judgments
B)Get others to think about why their judgment may be wrong
The effect of _____ on _____ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.
roles on attitudes. What did this study find?
Deunoro believes that he has incredible academic abilities and that he would easily get a job when he completes college. He also believes that he would never remain unemployed based on his academic qualifications. This is an example of _____.
unrealistic optimism
After 9/11, many people abandoned air travel most likely because of the _________ heuristics
availability heuristic
After much deliberation, you decide on a college to attend. After you have made your decision, you find yourself reducing any dissonance by _____ the chosen university and _____ the unchosen universities.
upgrading and downgrading or you can use your own words!!