Sociological Perspectives/Theories
Views sport as a way of unifying and preserving the existing social order
Functionalism
1900-WWII
When sports became the most pervasive cultural practice in the U.S.
A heavy emphasis of this does not exist across all societies.
Winning
The stage in life when most people engage in sports
Youth
Violent actions that are prohibited by rules, but occur often and are mostly accepted as normal
Borderline violence
Functionalism sees sport as symbolizing what?
The US way of life
The idea that sport would be a way to toughen up young boys was spread from?
Upper class to lower class
This reading stated that there has never been a publicly subsidized stadium anywhere in the US that had the effect of increasing employment and economic growth in the city in which it was built
Battle of the Domes
Incomes of $100,000+
The biggest indicator in whether kids start sports young
Aggressive play
From a functionalist perspective, questioning or criticizing sport is a what?
Threat to social order
First Inter-Collegiate Sports event
Harvard vs Yale Rowing
In Chapter 3, Eitzen explores the issues of deference to authority, the military, racism, and inequality to convey how the Super Bowl is a _______ of society.
Microcosm
In what reading did we learn that children as young as 5 were cutting weight with the encouragement of their parents.
Harm to Children in Youth Sports
Improving the facilities; Increasing security; Limiting alcohol sales; Preventing fights, aggressive displays by athletes via punishment
Common ideas for reducing fan violence
Sees sport as organized to exploit athletes and achieve goals of the elite
Conflict perspective
What spawned rapid social and technological change and spread the popularity of sport?
Industrialization and Urbanization
Leads to cheating, and even illegal and dangerous behaviors
The "Win at all Costs" mentality
In Ch 4, Coakley discusses how the emphasis in the organized sports setting is on the development of sport skills, not on the development of _____________ skills.
Interpersonal
The ideas that violence is based in human instinct and that it's needed to release pent up frustration have what in common?
They both have no evidence empirically
Conflict perspective suggests that sports divert the mass public's attention away from what?
Issues like poverty, job security, debt, and dismal life chances
Historically sport was seen as a sign of what?
Leisure
New techniques, winning more games, setting new records
Examples of Progress in Sports
The 1970s
When youth sport finally opened up to girls
This is related to the enjoyment of sports, especially for males
The amount of violence