Theories
What is the theory that focuses on gender inequalities and how gender structures society, which often questions the perceived natural differences between men and women?
feminist theory
Does correlation equal causation?
No
When are we being socialized and when do we stop being socialized?
We are socialized anytime we interact with the social world and socialization never stops
What is the perspective that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and encourages the retention of cultural differences within larger society?
multiculturalism
What is the theory that centers gender and sexuality, focusing on combating norms and challenging institutions that regulate gender and sexuality?
queer theory
What is the concept that describes studying society through the scientific method?
Although socialization begins at birth, what concept has been used to describe how parents can prepare for socializing their children (especially into gender roles)?
anticipatory socialization
What is cultural relativism?
understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one’s own culture
What are the three principles of symbolic interactionism?
1. We act towards things based on their meaning
2. Meanings are not inherent
3. Meanings can be changed through interaction
Why can’t sociologists just use experiments to collect data?
Because sociology involves studying people and social concepts and researchers cannot randomly manipulate many variables or measure them in a lab setting
What is the belief that differences we observe between groups of people are explained wholly by genetics and DNA?
Biological essentialism
If Jaime, an American, goes to Spain and is surprised and confused to learn that they eat dinner much later than they are used to, they are experiencing what?
culture shock
What is Durkheim’s concept that describes how lack of social connections can lead to a sense of aimlessness or despair and suicide?
anomie
What makes primary sources different from news documents and scholarly articles?
Primary sources provide direct evidence rather an interpretation or analysis by someone else
What are the two primary goals of socialization?
1. Teach skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs to ensure society will continue to exist
2. Teach norms, values, and beliefs associated with culture to ensure a shared way of life
Ethan gets a tattoo in Japanese only because it “looks cool” and doesn’t understand what it means or any cultural context behind it. This would be an example of what?
Cultural appropriation
What is the theory that is used to examine how overlapping systems of power affect the experiences of individuals with multiple minority identities?
intersectionality
According to your book, what is one reason some sociologists are rejecting the notion of using objectivity in social science research?
Some “facts” has been used to validate racist, sexist, and ethnocentric perspectives
What currently passes for fact may someday be challenged
We have a subjective nature as human beings
Subjectivity may be preferable when studying human beings
What are the four types of racial socialization?
1. Cultural socialization
2. Preparation for bias
3. Promotion of mistrust
4. Colorblindness
What is the imposition of one culture’s beliefs and practices on another culture, which is done forcibly through colonialization and socially through the media and consumer products?
cultural imperialism