Parenting
This newer parenting ideal emphasizes fathers’ emotional involvement and hands-on caregiving.
What is involved father ideal?
This is how children were viewed in pre-modern societies.
What is small adults/workers in training?
This concept refers to the unequal division of unpaid household and care labor.
What is gendered division of labor?
Research shows same-gender parents tend to divide household labor in this way.
What is more equally (though still shaped by income, leave policies, and caregiving demands)?
This term refers to families formed through remarriage that include step-parents and step-children.
What is blended families?
This ideal emphasizes fathers as breadwinners whose primary responsibility is financial support.
What is male provider ideal?
This idea explains that childhood is shaped by social, historical, and cultural forces rather than biology alone.
What is social construction of childhood?
This concept refers to the unequal distribution of women and men across different types of jobs.
What is occupational segregation?
This legal tool is often used to secure parental rights for a non-biological parent in LGBTQ+ families.
What is second parent adoption/co-parent adoption?
Divorce tend to affect women and men differently economically in this/these way(s).
What is greater economic decline for women (especially mothers) after divorce, and an economic boost for men.
This is a cultural ideal where mothers are expected to be child-centered, emotionally absorbing, expert-guided, labor-intensive caregivers, pouring immense time, energy, and resources into parenting.
What is intensive mothering?
This demographic shift has been happening to families for most of the twentieth century
What is decline in family size?
This type of labor includes cooking, cleaning, childcare, and emotional management within households.
What is unpaid labor?
Name one legal barrier LGBTQ+ families have historically faced in forming families.
What is adoption restrictions, lack of parental recognition, marriage bans, or denial of access to reproductive technologies?
This is how no-fault divorce has changed marriage and family life in the U.S..
What is making divorce more accessible, reducing stigma, and shifting marriage toward individual fulfillment?
What is emotional fulfillment?
This is the difference between a “protected” childhood and a “prepared” childhood
What is innocence and shielding from adult realities, versus early exposure, responsibility, and readiness for adult life?
The “fatherhood bonus” refers to this.
What is the wage and status benefits fathers experience after having children?
This is why legal parentage is especially important for non-biological LGBTQ+ parents.
What is lack of custody, medical decision-making, and parental rights?
Challenges do children face in blended families may include this.
What is navigating multiple households, ambiguous roles, loyalty conflicts, and unequal resources across parents and step-parents?
This explains how reproduction is socially regulated rather than purely biological
What is reproduction is shaped by policy, culture, medicine, and norms about deservingness and citizenship.
Compulsory education laws reshaped childhood in the modern era in this way.
What is separating children from adult labor, extending dependence, and making childhood a distinct life stage?
This is one of the reasons the United States is considered an outlier in work–family policy.
What is lack of universal paid parental leave and universal childcare?
This is an example of the ways social supports buffer stress for LGBTQ+ parents.
What is support from chosen family, community organizations, and affirming institutions?
Stepfamilies are often described as institutionally incomplete because of this/these reason(s).
What is weaker and ambiguous social norms, legal rules, and cultural scripts for step-relationships?