Social Class
Which social class makes up the largest percent of the population?
Middle class
What are the two types of methods?
Qualitative and quantitative
Who coined the term Sociology?
Auguste Comte
This term is used to describe the domestic work performed by women after their day of paid work
Second shift
What is Veblen's concept of conspicuous consumption? Can you give an example?
buying and using expensive goods to publicly display wealth and social status, rather than for their practical use (e.g., Birkin, Louboutin heels, Gucci belt)
What are two methods used in qualitative research?
Interviews, participant observation, content analysis
What are the two types of social solidarity, as described by Durkheim?
Mechanical (traditional societies) = social cohesion based on shared values and beliefs (e.g., religion), since there's low interaction with strangers. E.g., a small 19th-century farming village where people's lives are similar, they share the same work, church, and values.
Organic (modern societies) = based on interdependence, since theres high interaction with strangers who are specialized in their work. E.g., a city where a doctor, teacher, and construction worker need each other to function, even though their roles and daily lives are different.
What two components make up the wedding-industrial complex?
deep entanglement of the wedding ritual and capitalism
What are the terms Karl Marx uses to describe the working class and the ruling class?
Working class = proletariat
Ruling class = bourgeoisie
Identify which of the variables is the independent and dependent variable: 1) Hours of sleep the night before the test, 2) Test scores
IV is what can be varied or manipulated: Sleep
DV is the reaction (or lack thereof): Test score
Define Weber's concept of Verstehen
German for “understanding” - refers to the use of empathy, or putting oneself in another’s place to understand the motives and logic of another’s action
What is the last name of the author who wrote the chapter on gender (thanksgiving and holiday body work)?
Bickis
What is intergenerational mobility?
Explains a difference in social class between different generations of a family
What are the three principles of research ethics?
1) Respect for Persons
2) Concern for Welfare
3) Justice
What is Durkheim's concept of anomie?
Anomie = "without norms." A situation when society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. Causes confusion and instability in behaviour. (e.g., natural disaster - Hurricane Katrina)
How does structural functionalism explain gender norms?
Gender norms establish a complementary division of labor (aka makes things run smoothly). Suggests that these roles are based on the natural abilities of men and women, which reduces conflict and promotes social efficiency.
What is the difference between social inequality and social stratification?
Social inequality: unequal distribution of resources, rewards, and positions
Social stratification: institutionalized system of inequality. Aka, how people get hierarchically ranked based on inequality (e.g., social class is ranked via upper, middle, and lower class.)
What method did Erving Goffman use in his highly popular book Asylumns?
Ethnography - a qualitative method where the researcher immerses themselves in a setting for an extended period
What is Watts' concept of the Epistemology-Ontology divide? How does it relate to Cartesian thinking?
The separation in Euro-Western thought between epistemology (how & why we know something) and ontology (what reality/being is).
Descartes' famous "I think, therefore I am" (seperation of body and mind) prioritizes the internal, thinking mind as something distinct and superior to the external, physical world (nature).
What is the difference between heteronormativity and homonormativity?
Heteronormativity: is the assumption that heterosexuality is the natural (default setting) and superior. Establishes the standard.
Homonormativity: idea of the "good" or "acceptable" LGBTQ+ person. LGBTQ+ must adopt and internalize heterosexual standards (e.g., marriage and gender roles).