Empire & Systems
Who benefited the most from Mercantilism?
Who is the monarch!
Define: monopoly
A monopoly is a market situation where one company or seller controls the entire supply of a product or service, with no close competitors.
Name an early trade route
The Silk Road
Define: The Indian Act
The Indian Act is a Canadian law first passed in 1876 that gave the federal government control over First Nations peoples, their communities, and many aspects of their lives, including governance, land, and culture.
Give one example of cultural contact
trade on the Silk Road; European contact with Indigenous peoples
What is the difference between a colony and a protectorate?
A colony is a territory that is directly controlled and governed by a foreign power.
A protectorate is a territory that has its own local government, but is under the protection and influence of a stronger foreign power.
Define: raw material
A raw material is a natural substance used as a basic input to make finished goods, such as wood, iron, or cotton.
Which European nations colonized Rwanda?
Germany and Belgium
Was is one long term legacy of residential schools
legacy included trauma, loss of language and culture.
Define: cultural diffusion
Cultural diffusion is the process by which ideas, beliefs, technologies, or customs spread from one culture to another.
Give one economic reason form imperialism
- The need for natural resources
- The need for New Markets
Define: assimilation
to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group
Who were the two Ethnic groups involved in the Rwandan Genocide?
Hutus and Tutsis
What is the truth and reconciliation commission?
to document the history and impacts of residential schools and recommend actions for reconciliation.
__________ was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa (1948–1994) where laws enforced white minority rule, limiting the rights, movement, and opportunities of non‑white people.
Apartheid
What was the scramble for Africa?
The Scramble for Africa was the period in the late 19th century (roughly 1881–1914) when European countries rapidly claimed, conquered, and divided up almost all of Africa among themselves.
Define: industrialization
Industrialization is the process by which a society shifts from hand-made, agricultural production to machine-based manufacturing in factories.
What international organization refused to provide adequate assistance to the Tutsi population during the Rwandan Genocide?
The United Nations
Describe one major difference between Indigenous and European views of property and relationship to land
European view: land as property that can be owned, bought, sold for profit
_____________was a three-part trading system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in which European goods were traded for enslaved Africans, who were sent to the Americas, and raw materials were then shipped back to Europe.
Triangular Trade
What is the difference between Mercantilism and Capitalism?
Mercantilism focuses on state-controlled trade to accumulate national wealth, while capitalism emphasizes private enterprise and market competition to create wealth.
Define: Eurocentric and explain of eurocentrism affected policies during imperialism.
Eurocentric world views during imperialism led European nations to believe their culture was superior, which justified policies of colonization, forcing European laws, religion, and economic systems on non‑European societies because they believed it was their duty to “civilize” others.
What was the Oka crisis? How is it a legacy of imperialism?
It reflects the disregard of indigenous land claims and sovereignty.
Explain reasons for the creation of the Indian Act and one way it affected Indigenous self-government.
to control Indigenous peoples, manage land and resources, and assimilate; affected self-government by imposing external governance structures and limiting autonomy.
The Indian act resulted in the creation of these three things:
1. Residential Schools
2. The Numbered Treaties
3. Reserves