Who's that Philosophe?
This 17th century English writer (with a cartoon tiger named after him) believed humans were selfish and barbaric and needed to give up their rights in exchange for security.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This Sovereign was known as the "Sun King" due to his massive propaganda campaign through arts, science, and literature.
Who is Louis XIV?
What is Ancien Regime?
This form of love is expressed when one is willing to sacrifice themselves for their country.
What is patriotism?
The Enlightenment was known for promoting these ideas.
What is rational thought, natural rights, and religious tolerance/separation of church and state?
This 15th century Italian writer was oft-quoted by dictators and believed that people should fear their gov't in order to maintain peace.
Who is Machiavelli?
Financial minister Jacques Necker gained public favour because he ensured these two things.
What is ensuring that there was enough bread for all and because he published a gov't budget?
This was essentially the charter of rights and freedoms during the French Revolution, which promoted equality and natural rights (albeit not for all).
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
This is the difference between a Nation and a Nation-state.
What is a group of people who share similar values/beliefs vs. physical boundaries and a federal gov't?
After being locked out of the estates-general, the 3rd estate declared themselves as the ______ and held their own meeting, where the ______ was signed.
What is the National Assembly, and the Tennis Court Oath?
This philosopher believed in the idea of Natural Rights (life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness), while this other philosopher believed in the idea of the social contract (give up some rights in exchange for a government making decisions for the common good).
Who is Locke and Rousseau?
The 3rd Estate sought after ______ and more representation in gov't. At this point in time, they were still in favour of ____.
What is equality of taxation and keeping the monarchy (but limiting its power)?
Meritocracy.
What is the idea of attaining power/positions based entirely on merit and skill, rather than wealth or social class?
This event (arguably the start of the French Revolution) was a major symbolic victory regarding nationalism.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
After the banks refused to lend the King any more money, he was forced to convene the ____, with the goal of ____. This was flawed because ______.
What is the Estates-General, raising new taxes, and the third estate was always outvoted 2-1.
This 18th century supporter of freedom of speech once said: "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
Who is Voltaire?
Napoleon garnered alot of praise and support because of this.
What are his military victories and the belief of a self-made man?
A coup d'etat.
What is seizing power by overthrowing a gov't?
This is the definition of a civic nation.
What is a nation of people (regardless of their culture, ethnicity, language) who agree to live according to particular values/beliefs expressed as the rule of law?
This was the event that completely broke the people's trust in and support of the monarchy.
What is the Flight to Varennes?
Montesquieu believed the way to prevent a dictatorship was through these two key ideas:
What is Separation of Power (legislative, executive, and judicial) and Systems of Checks and Balances?
These were the three main groups (and their governmental beliefs) in the National Convention.
What are the Jacobins (full republic), Girondins (constitutional monarchy), and Loyalists (full monarchy)?
These were the main ideas behind the Napoleonic Code.
What is (male) equality, right to private property, secular legal system, access to education, and implemented all across France?
Alongside growing support of rational thinking and growing disinterest in an absolute monarchy, this was arguably the most immediate driving force behind the French revolution.
What is Harvest failures/starvation?
The Declaration of Pillnitz by the Austrian/Prussian monarch was issued in support of _____, which was considered a threat to the Revolution because it _____.
What is Louis XVI's return to power, and evoked fears of a foreign invasion?