Renaissance & worldviews
This tragic 14th-century event devastated Europe's population, ultimately breaking down the feudal hierarchy by creating a labor shortage that allowed surviving peasants to demand higher wages.
The black death
These three words summarize the core motives behind European exploration: expanding empires, spreading Christianity, and acquiring wealth.
Gold, Gold, Glory
he Aztecs looked for an eagle perched on a cactus holding a snake to tell them where to build this capital city, which was located in the middle of Lake Texcoco. what was its name?
Tenochtitlan
What was the Reconquista?
This centuries-long Christian military effort to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule heavily shaped the militant worldview of Spanish explorers.
Who was the Shogun?
While the Emperor remained the official head of state, this military dictator held the true political and absolute governing power in feudal Japan.
What was Humanism?
This highly influential cultural and intellectual movement shifted Europe's focus toward the potential, dignity, and worth of individual human beings.
What was the Silk Road?
This massive overland network of trade routes was the primary channel for exchanging luxury goods and ideas between Europe and Asia before sea routes were established.
What are Chinampas?
This term describes the ingenious floating gardens created by the Aztecs to reclaim marshy land and grow crops for their expanding empire.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
This state-run court system was established by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to discover, convert, and strictly punish anyone who did not follow the Catholic faith.
This geographical term describes Japan's physical layout, which consists of a vast chain or cluster of thousands of individual islands.
archipelago
This economic and social hierarchy based on land ownership and personal loyalty dominated Europe before the Renaissance.
the Feudal System
This royal did not sail himself, but revolutionized European exploration by establishing a specialized center for cartography and navigation. AND where is he from
Prince Henry the Navigator , Portugal
What were the Calpolli?
Aztec community units or neighborhoods were typically organized around shared occupations, family ties, or geographic proximity.
Who was Malinche? and why was she critical for the Spanish conquest?
This Indigenous woman acted as a crucial advisor and multilingual translator for Hernán Cortés, enabling him to forge alliances against the Aztecs.
These powerful, land-owning nobles competed for territory and ruled over local regions of Japan under the watchful eye of the Shogunate.
Daimyo
DAILY DOUBLE
This revolutionary 15th-century invention drastically lowered the cost of books, increased literacy rates, and officially ushered Europe into an "Information Age." AND who invented it
Johannes Gutenberg’s Printing Press
What is Imperialism (or Expansionism)?
the policy or belief that a nation should aggressively increase its wealth, power, and global presence by taking control of other territories.
While the Aztec Emperor held absolute power, he didn't rule entirely alone; he regularly consulted this specific group of priests and nobles before making major imperial decisions.
the council (or council of wise men/priests and nobles)
Far more lethal than steel swords or firearms, this factor was the most devastating consequence of European contact, wiping out massive percentages of the Indigenous population.
European diseases (like smallpox)
In the official Edo class hierarchy, this specific group sat at the absolute bottom because they were viewed as non-productive members who merely profited off the work of others.
Merchants
What motivation did the the g's represent?
Motivations to expand/Explore the west
Ferdinand Magellan’s crew was the very first in recorded history to achieve this milestone, which means to sail entirely around the globe.
circumnavigation
raveling across and outside the empire to trade luxury items like tropical bird feathers, this specific social group served a critical dual purpose by acting as undercover military spies to map out the defenses of neighboring cities. What is the AZTEC name for them
pochteca - Merchants
What was the Encomienda System?
This colonial economic system was introduced by Cortés to reward conquistadors by granting them vast tracts of land alongside Indigenous forced laborers to work it.
Even though merchants were legally at the bottom of the Edo class system , they gained massive economic power over the samurai class because they controlled the storage and conversion of this vital item into cash or loans
Rice