The Three Branches
This branch includes the Prime Minister and the Cabinet; it proposes most laws and runs daily government business.
Executive Branch
This is the name for a proposed law before it is passed.
A Bill
This 1982 document is the highest law in Canada and protects the rights of all citizens.
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
This legislation governs how 12-to-17-year-olds are dealt with in the justice system.
Youth Criminal Justice Act
These are the three specific groups in Canada that hold collective rights recognized by the constitution.
Who are First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples?
This branch is responsible for interpreting and applying laws to ensure they are fair.
Judicial Branch
During this stage, a committee of MPs or Senators studies a bill in detail and hears from experts.
Committee Stage
These rights allow you to move freely and live anywhere in Canada.
Mobility Rights
One of the main goals of the YCJA is to help young offenders return to society, known as this.
Reintegration
Besides Indigenous peoples, these two groups based on language are guaranteed collective rights under the Charter.
Who are Francophones and Anglophones?
This branch includes the House of Commons and the Senate; its main role is to debate and pass laws.
Legislative Branch
This house is often called the "Sober Second Thought."
The Senate
These rights protect you from discrimination based on race, religion, or gender.
Equality Rights)
Unlike the adult system, the youth system focuses on this rather than just punishment.
Rehabilitation
This term describes the shared identity of a group of people, often based on common language and culture.
What is a collective identity?
This person represents the British Monarch and provides Royal Assent to bills.
Governor General
Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected to represent these specific geographic areas.
Ridings, districts, or constituencies
This act ensures that the government is held responsible for its spending and actions.
Federal Accountability Act
These organizations, like the John Howard Society, work with youth and are independent of the government.
Advocacy Groups
Collective rights set Canada apart from this neighbor, where no specific groups have constitutionally recognized group rights.
What is the United States?
To become Prime Minister, you must be the leader of this party.
The political party with the most seats in the House of Commons
This system means the candidate with the most votes in a riding wins, even if they don't have a majority of total votes.
First Past the Post
Rights guaranteed to specific groups (like Francophones or Indigenous peoples) for historical and constitutional reasons.
Collective Rights
A sentence where a youth must work for the benefit of the community instead of going to jail.
Community Service
These specific Indigenous people in Canada do not have historic treaties with the government but have rights to land and traditional ways as inherent rights.
Who are the Métis?