Names
Basics of Culture
Theory
Theory on Steroids
Perspectives
100
Eric Berne
Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?
100
Customs, values, attitudes, and beliefs
What is culture?
100
Contradicts innate/instinct aggression theory. Associated with Albert Bandura who noted children who view life or filmed aggression imitate the behavior. Phenomenon is greatest when adult is admired, powerful, and well liked.
What is social learning theory?
100
It uses one's own culture as a yardstick to measure all others.
What is ethnocentrism?
100
lower-class African-American male
What type of client would most likely have the most difficulty with self-disclosure when speaking to a Caucasian counselor?
200
Frank Parsons
Who was the first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues?
200
Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which behavior occurs.
What is contextualism?
200
Leon Festinger stated individuals are motivated to reduce tension and discomfort, thus putting an end to dissonance. Often deals with cognition and attitude formation.
What is cognitive dissonance?
200
Rogerian/person-centered counseling
What has been used more than other models to help promote understanding between cultures and races?
200
52 year old single African American male school administrator
Who is most likely to engage in introspection?
300
She felt it was more applicable to males than females
Why was Carol Gilligan critical of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
300
A statistical norm measures actual conduct, while a cultural norm describes how people are supposed to act.
What is the difference between a statistical norm and a cultural norm?
300
That a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs
What does social exchange theory propose?
300
Mores
What are beliefs regarding the rightness and wrongness of behavior?
300
normal behavior within the context of her culture
A Japanese client who was reluctant to look you in the eye during her counseling session would most likely be displaying...?
400
Dollard and Miller
Who is associated with frustration aggression theory?
400
An insider’s perception of culture. Counselor using this frame of reference wants to know what somebody participating in the culture thinks
What is the emic perspective?
400
A move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency and a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state
What does balance theory propose?
400
The client will perceive a counselors statement that is somewhat like her own beliefs as even more similar (assimilation error) and any dissimilar attitudes as even more dissimilar (Contrast error).
In assimilation-contrast theory, what is assimilation error and contrast error?
400
Melting pot concept: strong ethnocentric worldview, and will not ask the client for info related to religion or faith. A good counselor believes in the salad bowl model of diversity.
What is the difference between the melting pot and the salad bowl, and which should counselors follow?
500
Emile Durkheim
Who is one of the founders of modern sociology?
500
Humans are humans regardless of background, thus the same theories and techniques can be applied to any client. Etic counselor emphasizes the sameness among clients- a universal perspective- that literally transcends cultural boundaries.
What is the etic perspective?
500
Eclectism: selecting treatment intervention strategies from diverse counseling models
What does multicultural counseling promotes?
500
uncertainty
Positive transference is to love as negative transference is to hostility, and as ambivalent transference is to...?
500
Etic viewpoint
What is the perspective of the following statement? "All humans, from all cultures, all races, and all nations, are more alike than different."
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