Fill in the blank
Some research suggests that very poor economic conditions correlate very highly with _______.
What is aggression?
_________ was the first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues
Who is Frank Parsons?
—the Father of Guidance—
Biological similarities and sameness are indicated by
What is universal culture?
______ helped to abet the intercultural counseling movement.
What is the civil rights movement?
Overall, Rogerian person-center counseling has been used _______ than other models to help promote understanding between cultures and races.
What is more?
A statistical norm measures actual conduct, while a cultural norm is _______ when counseling a client.
What is irrelevant?
The frustration-aggression theory is associated with
Who are Dollard and Miller?
In the 1920s, Bogardus developed a social distance scale which evaluated how an individual felt toward other ______.
What is ethnic groups?
A classic experiment in social psychology was conducted by Sherifet al, at the boys’ summer camp near Robber’s Cave, Oklahoma. The important finding in this study was that a cooperative goal can ___________________, thus reducing competition and enhancing cooperation.
What is bring two hostile groups together?
This theory predicts:
attitudes that change the most are initially less extreme
if you believe in something strongly, your attitude is less likely to change than if you have moderate feelings about it
the closer your attitude is to neutral, the more it will change
What is Osgood and Tannenbaum’s Congruity theory?
When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or she is technically referring the ______.
What is prognosis?
_______ and ________ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight.
Who are Freud; Lorenz?
Most countries have an official language, a stated viewpoint, and a central government. This is reflected mainly by
What is national culture?
The APGA, which became the AACD until 1992 and is now the ACA, contributed to the growth of cross-cultural counseling by the 1972 formation of the Association for Non- White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, later known as the __________.
What is the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development?
This theory postulates a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency and a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state.
Balance theory postulates
In the U.S., each socioeconomic group represents a separate _______.
What is culture?
A popular balance theory in social psychology is __________ cognitive dissonance theory.
Who is Festinger’s?
In social psychology, the _________ asserts that after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message.
What is the sleeper effect?
According to the foot-in-the-door obedience to authority phenomenon, a counselor who needs to make a home visit to a resistant client’s home
What is should ask to come in the home?
Allport created the concept of social facilitation. According to this theory, an individual who is given the task of memorizing a list of numbers will perform _____ if he or she is part of a group.
What is better?
In order to ________clients from a different culture the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture
What is diagnose?
Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development because she felt it was more applicable to
What is males than females?
The ___________ theory postulates that a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs.
What is social exchange?
The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction.
What is close proximity, physical attraction, similar beliefs?
Milgram discovered that normal people would administer seemingly fatal electric shocks to others when instructions to do so were given by a person perceived as ________.
What is an authority figure?