Irregular Immigration
Spain is one of the main entry points into this larger political region for migrants and asylum seekers.
Europe
Nini” stands for this Spanish phrase.
ni estudia ni trabaja
Hate crimes and discrimination in Spain increased by this percent in 2023.
What is 21%?
Spain historically had a dual labor market, meaning a divide between permanent protected jobs and these more insecure contracts.
What are temporary contracts?
Brain drain is the phenomenon where skilled and educated people do this.
What is leave their country?
One of the main migration routes into Spain is this Atlantic island chain.
Canary Islands
The Nini generation focuses on people in this age range.
What is ages 15 to 29?
The presentation says ethnic minorities, especially migrants from these two regions, face discrimination.
What are Africa and Latin America?
Temporary employment in Spain was about this percentage in 2019.
What is 26%?
In Spain, brain drain is especially driven by people in these age groups.
What are people in their 20s and 30s?
Two factors driving migration to Spain are conflict and instability, and this economic factor.
What is poverty or lack of economic opportunities?
The presentation says the term “Nini” is useful for statistical analysis, but can also be this kind of label.
What is a stigmatizing and simplistic label?
According to the slide “Who is most affected?”, people from this North African country are especially affected.
What is Morocco?
By 2025, temporary employment had fallen to about this percentage.
What is 15%?
Brain drain worsened in Spain after this major financial event.
What is the 2008 financial crisis?
This Atlantic route to the Canary Islands is described in the presentation as one of the deadliest migration routes in the world.
What is the Atlantic route?
According to the regional context slide, these two northern regions had the lowest Nini rates.
What are País Vasco and Cantabria?
In Murcia in 2025, violence in Torre Pacheco targeted this community.
What is the Maghreb community?
One broader cause of unemployment mentioned in the presentation is a mismatch between workers’ abilities and available jobs, known as this.
What is a skills mismatch?
Many young Spaniards move to countries like Germany, the Netherlands, and this third country.
What is the UK?
Spain’s response includes increased border surveillance, maritime patrols, and cooperation with these two countries.
What are Morocco and Senegal?
The main policies listed to address the Nini issue are Youth Guarantee and this type of training.
What is vocational training or Formación Profesi
During the Spain vs Egypt match in 2026, fans used this type of hateful chant.
What are Islamophobic chants?
The presentation says unemployment matters because it delays independence, makes housing less affordable, and increases this social risk.
What is poverty or social exclusion?
The presentation says more than this many university graduates are living abroad.
What is 700,000?