Milgram
Data collection process/ type of data collected
Quantative: level of voltage Qualitative: signs of anxiety, body language, and nervous giggling. Both
the 4 IV
-type of victim "drunk or ill"
-race of victim "black or white"
-behavior of a "model" "model really close or too distant to help/early or late to help"
-size of group of bystanders
Aim
-the aim of the study was to learn more about helping behavior in chimpanzees
-wanted to find whether chimps understand the needs of conspecifics
-wanted to find whether chimps can respond to those needs with targeted helping
individual conscience and obedience to an authoritive figure
milgram
was ethics a strength or a weakness for yamamoto
strength
chimps were taken care off under strict guidelines
Sample
40 male participants between the ages of 20-50 years
-payed $4.50 for participating
aim
the aim of the study was to study bystander behavor in a natural setting
-to investigate the effect of four situational variables on helping or "Good Samaritanism"
Conspecific definition
-member of the same species; in this study the conspecific refers to the chimpanzees
bystander behavior in real life situation
piliavin et al
what were the risks about the sample in pavilion et al
thay could of dubble dipped in the sample because of the same route they took
Research Method
Not a true experiment, Quasi experiment
Dependent Variables (DV)
-level of bystander helping
-time taken for 1st passenger to help
-total number of passengers who helped
-race, gender, and location of carriage
-whether people moved away/any comments made
-which victim helped the most
Independent Variable (IV)
ability of the chimp to give targeted help to conspecific
pro social behavior and instrumental helping
yamamoto et al
what ethics did Milgram experiment brake
deception
Results characteristics
mean voltage 368v all p's gave al least 300v
65% gave max shock of 450v
Conclusions
-no diffusion responsibility found
-someone who appears drunk is LESS likely to receive help than someone ill
-men more likely to help
-drunk less helped due to higher chance of embarrassment, disgust, harm
-women less likely due to strength or roles
-cost-benefit model discovered
Dependent Variable (DV)
-targeted helping behavior (providing the correct tool)
behavior and emotions can be influenced by other individuals
milgram
was the sample in milgram et al generalizable
no, its not its all men from the same area
Conclusions
-individuals are much more obedient towards authoritative figures than we may expect
-despite high levels of obedience, people find the experience stressful
Sample
estimated about 4,450 people
-45% black and 55% white
-average number in car was 43
-average number in critical area was 8.5
-opportunity sample
Conclusions
-when chimps are able to see the situation of a conspecific, they can offer targeted helping behavior (often by direct request not altruistic behavior)
-chimps can understand conspecifics goals
behavior and emotions can be influenced by social context
piliavin et al and/ or yamamoto
what ethics did pavilion et al brake
informed consent right to withdraw lack of debrief