Vocab!
The individuals or organizations that take action in response to a common problem
What is a social movement?
Close to 50%
These were women workers working in organized labor, making them vulnerable to sexual discrimination, harassment, and often rape.
What are the tenement-like communities in Urban centers of Brazil known as?
Favelas
What is the name of the racial/ethnic concept that dominated social structures in Latin America due to Spanish colonialism?
Those who must sell their labor to gain access to the means of production
What is a proletariat?
Marx's way of thinking when dividing society into social classes.
What is the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?
What were labor unions initially called?
Solidarity organizations
What was the name of the movement pioneered by mothers in Argentina in response to the Dirty War?
Madres de Plaza de Mayo
Latin America's most dynamic "business" sector
Narcotics production and trafficking
What are neoliberals?
Who makes up the "informal sector"?
Small capitalists, blue-collar workers, "marginalized" or "excluded"
These are sectors of the economy that were crucial to the overall prosperity of the economy.
What are "export enclaves"?
What is the largest single-movement organization in Latin America that is focused on land redistribution?
The Movimiento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra or Rural Landless Workers’ Movement (MST)
These measures were used by Latin American governments to redistribute income
What are "targeted benefit programs"?
A system where politicians or leaders give people favors, goods, or services in exchange for their political support or votes.
What is clientelism?
These areas are located in free-trade zones near ports, or near international borders.
This has made capital more mobile and undercut bargaining strength in labor intensive industries.
A vocab term that describes how movements arise in civil society and impact policies by taking advantage of changes within the institutional or opportunity structures that allow a movement to emerge or gain strength.
Political Opportunity Structures
Which two guerilla groups reflect the “uncivil society” concept because of how they employ violence systematically and criminally?
Sendero Luminoso, FARC
The Spanish word for having the "right family connections"
What is "Compadrazgo"?
This Chilean right-wing group used violence and sabotage to destabilize the Allende government (1970-1973).
Who is "Patria y Libertad"?
What do high rates of unemployment lead Latin American workers to do?
Domestic labor, street vending, construction, and blue-collar jobs.
What are the three different actors in urban poor and neighborhood social movements?
Independent Workers, Domestic Service, and Microfirms
Which Argentenian president renegotiated the country’s terms of debt, becoming popular amongst the public and resulting in the declining popularity of Piquetero movements?
Nestor Kirchner