Attitudes
How do attitudes develop?
conditioning, observational learning, cognitive evaluation, and cognitive anchors
What is an unchanging, oversimplified, and usually distorted belief about groups of people?
Stereotypes.
A person seems friendly on first meeting; we remain inclined to view them positively.
This is an example of ________
Primacy Effect
What are the three factors influencing attraction?
Physical Appearance, Similarity, Reciprocity.
What is the term that describes forming beliefs by evaluating evidence critically?
Cognitive Evaluation.
_____ guide choices and actions.
Attitudes
What is the unfair treatment of individuals because they are members of a particular group?
Discrimination.
What are the components of the attribution theory?
Situational and dispositional.
Fatuous love = _______ + ______?
Passion + Commitment
How do people reduce the tension when attitudes and behaviors clash?
reframe the attitude, focus on the positives, and/or change the bahavior.
What is stereotype threat?
when members of a group are aware of a stereotype suggesting they cannot perform a certain task.
Alex yells at a cashier in a supermarket. Later you find out he just got a call that his pet is sick.
This is an example of ________.
Situational attribution.
What is the term that defines "people tend to choose as friends and partners those who are similar to themselves in attractiveness"
Sarah donates a lot of money to charity every year, even when she’s struggling financially.
is an example of __________.
Dispositional attribution.
What are deeply held beliefs that shape how people see and interpret events?
Cognitive anchors
What is the psychological impact of discrimination?
Low self-esteem → low self-worth → low self-expectations → low success rates.
What is the self-serving bias?
The tendency to attribute our own successes to internal factors (ability, effort) and our failures to external factors (luck, circumstances).
What are the 3 main components of the triangular theory of love?
Intimacy, Passion, Commitment.
what's the term for blaming an innocent person or group for problems that are too difficult or too complex to address directly?
scapegoating.
what is the term that describes the uncomfortable tension when attitudes and behavior clash?
Cognitive Dissonance
What are the causes of discrimination?
Exaggerating differences, economic justification, social learning, victimization, and scapegoating.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
the tendency to overestimate dispositional causes and underestimate situational causes when judging others.
What is consummate love?
the love that includes all three components.
Even though new research shows that eating eggs in moderation is healthy, Maria still believes they are extremely bad for her heart because her doctor told her as a child that eggs are dangerous. This early belief continues to strongly influence her thinking about eggs.
This is an example of _____?
Cognitive Anchor.