Heuristics & More
According to the Anchoring and adjustment Heuristic, people rely on _ to make decisions or estimates.
A starting point
Perceptual/Confirmation Bias is noticing and remembering information that aligns with our _
What is Beliefs and expectations?
A mental representation of your overall sense of "YOU." Hint: contains self-schemata
What is self-concept?
Sakela's school just won first place in a track meet. She is very happy even though she is not on the track team herself. This is an example of...
What is Social Identity Theory?
What is the difference between our actual self and our ought-self
Actual self = who you think you currently are
Ought self = who you think you should be
According to _ our expectations of someone can affect the way we behavior around them; this behavior can work to fulfill our expectations..
What is Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
_ refers to cognitively generated categories of all information.
What is Schema?
Your belief in your ability to complete certain tasks.
What is Self-efficacy?
When Alexis O met Alexis R, they quickly remembered each other's names, because it reminded them of themselves. This is an example of...
What is Self-Reference Effect?
What is the difference between high and low self-efficacy?
High self-efficacy = high belief in one's abilities
Low self-efficacy = low belief in one's abilities
Ethan is very happy because if he missed one more question on his psych test, he COULD have scored B instead of an A. What is this an example of?
What is Simulation/Counterfactual thinking?
According to _, our decisions are influenced by the way information is presented. Equivalent information can be presented in a more or less attractive way, depending on what features are highlighted.
What is Framing Effect?
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our opinions, attitudes, and behaviors
What is False Consensus Effect?
When Joseph did poorly on his calc test, he blamed the professor and not himself. When he does well, however, he gives himself the credit. This is an example of?
What is Self-Serving Bias?
Why does self-handicapping protect our sense of self?
After watching a true crime documentary, Daisy can vividly imagine crime. As such, she now overestimates its prevalence. This is an example of?
What is Availability Heuristic?
What is the impact of mood on the use of heuristics?
We are more likely to use heuristics when we are in a happier mood.
Note: Heuristics decrease the mental workload, and being happy takes more cognitive effort
Our self concept is influenced by the gap between how we see ourselves (our actual self) and how we want to see ourselves (our ideal self).
What is Self Discrepancy Theory?
Instead of studying for her test tomorrow, Jade decides to go to a flea market. Now if she gets a bad grade, she can blame it on something external. This is an example of...
What is self-handicapping?
What is the difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy?
Self-Esteem is an overall evaluation of self-worth (based on specific characteristics)
Self-efficacy pertains to one's belief about one's own abilities, that can be related to only 1 topic (ex. math abilities).
What are the reasons for the availability heuristic?
Schemata's, Priming, and available information.
Schema's can both _ and _ our memory
What is Assist and Bias
Creating obstacles to success so that potential failure can be blamed on external factors, as opposed to internal traits.
What is self-handicapping?
Glen believes that his odds of winning the lottery are greater than that of his peers. What is this an example of?
What is Unrealistic Optimism?
States of self awareness can lead to an increased focus on self-discrepancies. This can lead to 1 of 3 outcomes. Name one :3
No self discrepancies noted (no need for change)
Match behavior to self-standards
Reduce self awareness (no behavior change)