Bandura's Social-Cognitive Perspective
In Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, what term describes the process of learning by observing others and imitating their behavior?
What is modeling or observational learning?
According to the behavioral approach in psychology, what is the primary focus when studying human behavior?
What is observable and measurable behavior rather than internal mental processes?
In AP Psychology, what term from Bandura's social cognitive theory describes the mutual influence of personal factors, behavior, and the environment?
What is reciprocal determinism?
what term refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events that affect them?
What is locus of control?
which branch of psychology focuses on promoting well-being, happiness, and strengths in individuals?
What is positive psychology?
According to Bandura, individuals are more likely to imitate a model if they perceive the model as similar to themselves. What term is used to describe this aspect in social cognitive theory?
What is identification or perceived similarity?
In classical conditioning, what term describes the process of initially neutral stimuli acquiring the ability to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response?
What is the process of stimulus generalization?
According to reciprocal determinism, how do personal factors, behavior, and the environment interact with each other?
How do they influence and shape one another?
Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to attribute outcomes to what?
What is their own abilities, efforts, or actions?
Positive psychology emphasizes the study of what positive aspect of human experience?
What is human flourishing or optimal functioning?
Bandura introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism. What does this term refer to in the context of social cognitive theory?
What is the mutual influence and interaction between personal factors, behavior, and the environment?
Operant conditioning involves the use of reinforcements and punishments. What is the term for adding something pleasant to strengthen a behavior?
What is positive reinforcement?
Bandura's reciprocal determinism emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between individuals and their environment. What is another term for this interplay?
What is the dynamic interaction between individuals and their surroundings?
AP Psychology recognizes two types of locus of control. What is the opposite of an internal locus of control?
What is an external locus of control?
According to positive psychology, what term describes the subjective experience of joy, contentment, and overall life satisfaction?
What is happiness?
In Bandura's theory, what role do self-efficacy beliefs play in determining behavior?
What is the belief in one's own ability to successfully perform a specific task or behavior?
According to behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner, what is the key factor influencing behavior, emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping actions?
What is the principle of reinforcement?
In the context of reciprocal determinism, what term describes the influence of observing and imitating the behavior of others?
What is modeling or observational learning?
People with an external locus of control are more likely to attribute outcomes to what external factors?
What are luck, fate, or external circumstances?
Positive psychology places importance on cultivating and utilizing individual strengths. What term is used to describe these positive qualities?
What are character strengths or virtues?
Bandura highlighted the importance of vicarious reinforcement in social cognitive theory. What does vicarious reinforcement involve?
What is learning from observing others being rewarded or punished for a behavior?
In behaviorism, what is the term for the application of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again?
What is positive punishment?
Bandura's reciprocal determinism suggests that individuals actively shape their environment. What is the term for this process?
What is active agency or active shaping of one's surroundings?
The concept of locus of control is crucial in understanding what psychological aspect of an individual's belief system?
What is the individual's perception of personal control over their life?
Positive psychology aims to complement traditional psychology by shifting the focus from pathology to what?
What is focusing on human strengths, virtues, and factors contributing to a fulfilling life?