Basic Social Neuro
What is the main goal of social neuroscience?
A) To understand how the brain reacts to physical stimuli
B) To explore the neurobiological bases of social processes and behaviors
C) To study emotional responses only
D) To focus exclusively on animal behavior
B) To explore the neurobiological bases of social processes and behaviors
Gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies focus on the interaction between:
A) Environmental influences and neurotransmitters
B) Genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors
C) Brain structure and diet
D) Hormones and psychological disorders
B) Genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors
What happens during the depolarization phase of an action potential?
A) Sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell
B) Potassium ions (K+) rush into the cell
C) The cell membrane returns to its resting state
D) The cell becomes hyperpolarized
A) Sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell
Which psychological method is the most suitable for infancy research?
A) Survey Measures
B) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
C) Performance Measures
D) Observational Measures
D) Observational Measures
After which phase of an action potential will the membrane potential be positive?
A) Resting Membrane Potential
B) Depolarization
C) Repolarization
D) Hyperpolarization
B) Depolarization
What does the term “hyperscanning” refer to in social neuroscience?
A) Scanning an individual’s brain while they perform multiple tasks
B) Scanning the brain while asleep
C) Scanning a brain at multiple angles for better accuracy
D) Recording from two or more brains simultaneously during interaction
D) Recording from two or more brains simultaneously during interaction
What is a key difference between gene-association studies and gene-endophenotype-disorder studies?
A) Gene-association studies involve environmental factors, while gene-endophenotype studies do not
B) Gene-endophenotype-disorder studies focus on intermediate phenotypes rather than the disorder itself
C) Gene-association studies focus on brain activity, while gene-endophenotype studies do not
D) Gene-association studies are more reliable than gene-endophenotype studies
B) Gene-endophenotype-disorder studies focus on intermediate phenotypes rather than the disorder itself
________ convert electrical potentials into chemical signals
A) Neurotransmitters
B) Receptors
C) Action Potential
D) Myelin Sheath
A) Neurotransmitters
Which neuroimaging technique is used to analyze white matter tracts in the brain?
A) fMRI
B) DTI
C) PET
D) EEG
B) DTI
The dorsal striatum is ______________ the ventral striatum.
A) Above
B) Below
C) In front of
D) Behind
A) Above
What concept in social neuroscience involves the idea that certain brain regions or processes are specialized in handling specific types of information?
A) Mirror neurons
B) Modularity
C) Brain specificity
D) Neural plasticity
B) Modularity
Our brain development is most sensitive and will be affected the strongest by environmental changes during:
A) Prenatal period
B) Infancy
C) Childhood
D) Adolescence
A) Prenatal period
In the rate law of neural communication, what distinguishes a strong stimulus from a weak one?
A) The strength of the action potential
B) The number of neurons activated
C) The frequency of action potentials
D) The duration of the stimulus
C) The frequency of action potentials
From ventral to dorsal, the brainstem consists of the _______, _______, and _______.
A) Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
B) Pons, Medulla, Midbrain
C) Medulla, Pons, Midbrain
D) Midbrain, Medulla, Pons
C) Medulla, Pons, Midbrain
The different versions of genes that result from genetic variation are referred to as ____________.
A) Alleles
B) Chromosomes
C) Genetic Polymorphisms
A) Alleles
Which of the following best describes “reverse inference” in neuroscience?
A) Using brain data to directly infer cognition
B) Using genetic data to predict behavior
C) Testing cognition and inferring neural mechanisms
D) Studying brain regions to predict emotional responses
A) Using brain data to directly infer cognition
Which of the following is true about behavioral epigenetics?
A) It examines how DNA sequences change in response to behavior
B) It only applies to identical twins
C) It focuses on how early experiences affect brain structure only
D) It studies how environmental factors influence gene expression without changing DNA sequences
D) It studies how environmental factors influence gene expression without changing DNA sequences
What is the role of myelin sheaths on axons?
A) To increase the strength of action potentials
B) To increase the speed of electrical signal transmission
C) To provide nutrients to neurons
D) To regulate neurotransmitter release
B) To increase the speed of electrical signal transmission
Which neuroimaging technique provides excellent temporal resolution but poor spatial resolution?
A) fMRI
B) PET
C) EEG
D) DTI
C) EEG
The logic behind behavioral epigenetics is that …
A) Our behavior affects our genes by changing our DNA sequence
B) Our behavior and level of achievements are affected by our genetic makeup
C) Environmental factors interact with genetic polymorphisms to affect our behavior
D) Environmental factors influence behavior through affecting our gene expression
D) Environmental factors influence behavior through affecting our gene expression
What is one major criticism of social neuroscience?
A) It focuses too much on social psychology and ignores biology
B) It only studies the behavior of animals
C) It takes a reductionist approach, oversimplifying complex social behaviors
D) It relies solely on questionnaires
C) It takes a reductionist approach, oversimplifying complex social behaviors
Which of the following statements about twin studies are true?
A) Heritability differs for different types of social behavior
B) Environmental factors are always more important than genetic ones as DZ twins show higher correlation between behaviors than MZ twins
C) Genetic factors are always more important than environmental ones as MZ twins show higher correlation between behaviors than DZ twins
A) Heritability differs for different types of social behavior
What method involves blocking reuptake to increase neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic gap?
A) SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
B) Benzodiazepines
C) MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
D) Antipsychotics
A) SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Which method has high spatial resolution?
A) Hormone studies
B) Facial Electromyography (EMG)
C) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
D) All of the above
C) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
The process of converting mRNA sequences to amino acids is known as __________.
A) Transferral
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Transmission
C) Translation