experimental design
A study design where neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment
What is a double-blind study?
The tendency to search for, interpret, or recall information that confirms one’s beliefs.
What is confirmation bias?
The principle requires researchers to fully inform participants about the nature of the study and any potential risks.
What is informed consent?
A research method is often used to compare behaviors across different cultures.
What is a cross-cultural study?
This type of research design involves manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another variable.
What is an experiment?
When a researcher's expectations subtly influence the outcome of a study.
What is experimenter bias?
This famous study on obedience had participants administer fake shocks, leading to ethical concerns about psychological harm.
What is the Milgram experiment?
This is a cultural dimension described by Hofstede that focuses on the degree to which individuals in a society prioritize group over individual goals.
What is collectivism?
A design in which participants experience all conditions of the experiment.
What is a within-subjects design?
A bias that occurs when participants change their behavior because they are aware they are being studied.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
The ethical guideline states that researchers must ensure that participants' data is kept confidential.
What is confidentiality?
The famous study of emotional expressions in Papua New Guinea revealed that basic emotions are universally recognized.
What is Ekman’s study on facial expressions?
When participants are randomly assigned to different experimental groups.
What is a random assignment?
This type of bias happens when participants give answers they think are socially acceptable rather than truthful.
What is social desirability bias?
The ethical practice of making sure participants are debriefed after the experiment, especially if deception was used.
What is debriefing?
The belief that one's own culture is superior and can distort research findings.
What is ethnocentrism?
DAILY DOUBLE: A study method involving a natural environment with no manipulation, yet using the framework of experimental controls.
What is a quasi-experiment?
The phenomenon where study participants act differently to confirm or negate the researcher’s hypothesis.
What is demand characteristics?
DAILY DOUBLE: The principle requires that research studies are designed to maximize potential benefits and minimize harm to participants.
What is the principle of beneficence?
This type of research aims to discover if a behavior or phenomenon exists across various cultures.
What is an emic study?