Sym. Int. Pers. on Socialization
1. Imagination of our appearance to others
2. Imagination of their judgment or feeling of that appearance
3. Self feeling (pride or mortification) based on that imagined judgement
What are Cooley's Three Reflective Processes?
process of negotiation, interactional experiences that lead to the development of individuals’ roles and Self.
What is Socialization?
Affect = the most general label that encompasses virtually any kind of subjective positive or negative evaluation of some other object.
Emotions = short-lived reactions to a stimulus outside of the individual that involve both physiological and cognitive reactions.
Sentiment = emphasizes the social parts of the emotional response; socially significant feelings.
Mood = general psychological condition that characterizes our experience and emotional orientation for hours or even days.
What are the four social layers of emotion?
refers to the likelihood that a given identity will be active across situations. Identities get ranked in a hierarchy. Identities that are higher on the salience hierarchy are more likely to be enacted.
What is identity salience?
High: Highly concerned with the situational appropriateness of their behaviors
Low: Behavior controlled by internal attitudes
What are high and low monitors?
The stage when children learn and unlearn gestures (pre-symbolic communication) and imitate others/experiment with symbols and objects (imitation without role-taking).
What is Mead's First Stage of Development of the Self (Preliminary/Preparatory Stage)?
interaction: low standardized test scores or poor performance in a particular class often lead to a student who is labeled as a low achiever.
structural: include child care, the establishment of peer relationships, and lowering unemployment by keeping high school students out of the full-time labor force.
What is an example of structural and interactionist perspectives on roles?
the act of trying to change in degree or quality an emotion to bring them in line with the requirements of a role or social occasion.
What is emotion work?
an organized pattern of cognitions about a social object or category
What is a social schema?
An alternate self on the Internet or in cyberspace; an online alter-ego.
emergent set of transient meanings that are crafted by individuals in association with others that temporarily refer to a person who is situated in the ether of electronic space. (hyperfluid)
What is the cyberself?
The stage where children develop conception of self and begin to abstract a pattern of behaviors to the meaning of the role.
children use learned symbols or language, but still learning meanings and how to negotiate meanings. (symbolic communication)
What is Mead's Second Stage of Development of the Self (Play Stage)?
Gender networks are more likely to look like adults. Intersection of newly developing network sectors. Networks are fully developed with fluctuating periphery sectors, and movement in/out of the core.
What are important network changes in adolescents?
we actively construct our emotions, beginning with a physiological response which is interpreted and labeled according to situational cues and social schema.
What is cognitive labeling theory?
Authentic self-presentation is creating an image consistent with our self view.
Ideal self-presentation is our most appropriate public image of our ideal self.
Tactical self-presentation is a public image the is positive/favorable regardless of whether it is authentic or ideal.
suggests that people have the desire to control the impressions that other people form about them. Uses the imagery of theatre in order to portray the importance of human social interaction; this approach would become known as Goffman's dramaturgical analysis.
What is the self in everyday life?
The stage when children begin taking the role of several others simultaneously and develop a generalized viewpoint of society as a whole from which to view the self.
"community of attitudes"
What is Mead's Third Stage of Development of the Self (Game Stage)?
Findings suggest that core discussion network may be less a “core” network than a highly contextual support network in which people are added and dropped as actors shift from environment to environment.
What is Small et als. suggestion?
associated with authority and may refer to self discipline and the deferment of gratification.
Ex: Medical students develop strategies to deal with their contacts with others’ bodies, illness, and death.
What is affective neutrality?
We perceive ourselves in the same way we perceive any social object – influenced by our self schema and the environment. Our Self-Schema are formed through the Looking-Glass process, taking the role of the other to view and evaluate our actions and characteristics.
What is self perception?
1. withdraw individuals from the outside world, cut off from external support/validation for identity
2. stripping process of successful degradation
3. building up of the new identity
What are the stages of resocialization?
We see, interpret, & create ourselves by looking at other people's responses to us. The same way we learn the meaning of any object by how people treat that object and the activity towards it, we acquire a sense of who we are through interaction with others interpreting their response as a reflection of the meaning they assigned to us.
What is the Looking-Glass Self?
Socialization is organized according to a sequence of age-related roles and statuses through which a developing individual transitions.
What is the structural perspective?
1. rules that dictate what people with our role identities ought to feel in a given situation (people work to both express and feel the “right” emotion)
2. cultural norms specifying how we must modify our facial expressions to fit social situations (typically learned in childhood)
What are feeling & display rules?
definitions people hold about themselves, which indicate both their unique combinations of biopsychosocial characteristics and overall location in the social structure.
It refers to the dramatic expansion in the range of relations (real, virtual, and imagined) in which the individual is increasingly immersed. The condition, largely attributed to technologies that increase social contact, of being simultaneously drawn in multiple and conflicting directions. (multiphrenia)
What is the self according to Gergen?