Attitudes and Attributions
This describes your friend group and the people with which you identify.
ex. seniors, volleyball team
What is an ingroup?
Many people believe attractive celebrities are also smart and funny.
What is the halo effect?
What is social loafing?
Acting to benefit others without concern/consideration for your own self-gain or well-being.
What is altruism?
Stanley Milgram's shock experiment focused on this
What is obedience (to authority)?
Unjustifiable negative behaviors that are directed at members of a specific group.
ex. excluding brown-eyed students from a game
What is discrimination?
A tactic that uses facts and evidence to convince people to buy a product or support an argument.
ex. an advertisement lists the safety features of a new car
What is central route persuasion?
As individuals spend more time with their ingroup, they tend to become more extreme in their beliefs.
What is group polarization?
A driver is stuck in traffic for hours on Route 9. When someone tries to cut in front of them, the driver lays on their horn and swears at the other driver. This is an example of
What is the frustration-aggression principle?
Solomon Asch's Line Study looked at this
What is conformity (to a group)?
The misguided belief that good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people.
ex. a person who is homeless "deserves it" because they made poor choices and are lazy
What is just-world phenomenon?
Your friend asks to borrow your car for the week. You (obviously) say no. They then ask if you could drive them to the store. You agree.
What is door-in-the-face phenomenon?
Sam achieves a personal best time at a statewide track meet. She believes this is because she had lots of fans cheering her on.
What is social facilitation?
ex. setting aside differences to work together on a group project to get a good grade.
What are superordinate Goals?
A mental shortcut that estimates the likelihood of something based on how closely it resembles a prototype.
ex. Your prototype for a construction worker is a man. You are momentarily surprised when a woman tells you she works in construction.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
The tendency to blame the negative behavior of others on internal dispositions.
ex. John was unprepared for a meeting because he is lazy.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to follow those in a social situation you believe to be knowledgeable.
ex. you enter a restaurant and see everyone standing in line, so you join the line.
What is informational social influence?
A marketing team is working together on an ad campaign. The members of the team are hesitant to question some of the plans because they don't want to upset the group balance and are afraid of angering their manager. The ad campaign flops. They fell victim to
What is groupthink?
A student has an unwarranted belief that they are bad at Spanish. Because of this, they do not study or pay attention in class. They ultimately fail Spanish.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A situation in which an individual acts in their own self-interest to the detriment of the group, and ultimately themselves.
ex. you spray a copious amount of pesticides in your yard to kill bugs. This eventually damages the ecosystem
What is a social trap?
The tendency to blame our own negative actions on outside factors while simultaneously attributing the negative actions of others to internal dispositions.
ex. I have high cholesterol because of genetics. He has high cholesterol because of a poor dietary choices.
You smoke, but you know that it is unhealthy. This difference in belief and action causes a state of tension. To alleviate this tension, you convince yourself that smoking is not actually unhealthy.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Societies with weak/flexible cultural norms.
ex. the society does not have strict regulations on clothing styles
What are loose cultures?
The belief that we should repay others in kind.
ex. Someone just held the door open for you. When they drop their books a few moments later, you step in to help them.
What is the reciprocity norm?
Two opposing groups each see themselves as good and moral. They each view the other group as evil and corrupt.
What is a mirror-image perception?