Social Psychology
_____ is the process by which people infer the cause of other people's behavior.
Attribution
_______ the enhancement of a person's performance by the presence of other people.
Social Facilitation
Kirk is at work when a postal worker comes to drop off a package. They come into the office quickly and look at Kirk. They say loudly "You need to come sign for this package". Kirk signs the paperwork and says "Have a nice day". The postal worker says nothing in response and leaves quickly. If Kirk is quick to assume that a postal worker is a rude person, Kirk is using _______ and is making a ______ error. If Kirk assumes that the postal worker is very busy and is trying to get through their deliveries quickly so they can get home to their sick family member Kirk is using _______.
Dispositional attribution; Fundamental attribution; Situational attribution
Sam is playing tug-of-war with a team. Is he likely to exert as much force as he would if he was paying by himself (i.e., not on a team)?
No; Social loafing: decreased effort put forth by individuals when performing a task with others; results in less than the sum of the individual members.
The fundamental attribution error is more common in which culture? When is this error most likely to occur? When are we least likely to make this error?
In western cultures; more likely to occur when a person is distracted, preoccupied, or in a good mood; we are least likely to make this error when we describe our own behaviors (e.g., will focus on external factors rather than internal factors... "I was acting that way because I am under a lot of stress")
Zimbardo and Haney demonstrated how __________ affects behavior
Social situation
Becky volunteers to complete a survey when she is asked to participate by a researcher in front of a grocery store. The researcher asks her to answer one question: do more people eat brown bread or white bread? Becky typically eats white bread and assumes most other people do as well. What kind of attributional bias is this?
False Consensus: the tendency of an observer to perceive their own response as representative of a general consensus.
Kevin believes that women make bad employees because they are overly emotional. This is an example of a _________. As a result, Kevin tends not to hire women at his company. This is _________.
Stereotype, Discrimination
What type of social influence did Sherif and Asch study?
Conformity: involves taking action or adopting attitudes as a result of real or imagined group pressure
Sherif also talked about the collective frame of reference
What is an implicit association test? What does it measure?
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures the strength of associations between concepts and evaluations or stereotypes to reveal an individual’s hidden or subconscious biases.
EX. a person might believe that men and women are equally good at math and arts but might be faster to associate math with men and arts with women relative to the reverse pairing.