Theorists
Who is considered to be the founder of the field of social psychology. Also conceived field theory, which is the total influences upon individual behavior.
Who is Kurt Lewin
Thinking that if someone has one good quality, then they ONLY have good qualities
What is Halo Effect
Type of optimism bias that suggests we believe that a task will take far less time than it actually does
What is Planning Fallacy
This concept refers to what is considered normal behavior for a particular society
What is Social Norm
True or False:
The social exchange theory suggests that humans interact in ways that maximize reward and maximize cost
False (Minimize cost)
What theorist suggested that people feel tension, or dissonance, when they hold two thoughts that do not match?
Hint: "Cognitive Dissonance Theory"
Who is Leon Festinger
What concept explains why persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable after the fact?
What is Sleeper Effect
What concept refers to the making of predictions and judgements about ourselves without considering relevant facts.
What is Overconfidence Bias
This concept refers to the ways in which a person tries to get another person to do something.
What is Compliance
True or False: Opposites Attract
False (opposites do not attract)
Which theorist proposed a theory that offered an alternate explanation to cognitive dissonance? This person asserted that when people are unsure of their beliefs, they take their cues from their own behavior *rather than changing their behavior to match their beliefs*
Hint: Self-Perception Theory
Daryl Bem
This concept is the tendency of people to go along with real or perceived group pressure.
What is conformity
What concept refers to attributing of a person's bad behavior to a character flaw rather than to the situation?
What is Fundamential Attribution Error
The inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person's willingness to help someone in need.
Hint: The Kitty Genovese Case
What is Bystander Effect
True or False: The four reasons we are attracted to people are due to...
- Closeness, physical attractiveness, similarity, and reciprocity
False (Proximity! not the word closeness)
Who studied stress and coping. This theorist also differentiated between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Who is Richard Lazarus
This occurs in situations in which there is a high degree of arousal and a low degree of personal responsibility. In these situations, individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized.
What is deindividuation
What concept explains interpreting one's own actions and motives in a positive way, blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes.
Hint: Like to think we are "better than average"
What is Self-Serving Attribution Bias
This concept was studied by James Stoner and explains how group discussion with like-minded people generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view.
What is Group Polarization
True or False:
In a collectivist society, members are communally oriented and focus on the common good. In contrast, members of an individualist society care more about personal gain than the welfare of the community as a whole.
True
Who used the Prisoner's Dilemma & The Trucking Company Game to illustrate the struggle between cooperation and competition?
Morton Deutsch
What concept explains why people's performance changes when they are being observed
What is the Hawthorne Effect
Ellen Langer studied this concept that explains how many tend to believe they have control over things that you actually have no influence on.
What is illusion of control
What are 3 out of the 6 different strategies for compliance?
Door-In-The-Face: This is a sales tactic in which people ask for more than they would ever get and then “settle” for less.
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon: Refers to a situation in which a person who is willing to perform a small favor first is then more willing to do larger ones later.
Low-Ball Technique: A method in which a person is offered something at a very low cost and then the cost is raised after they agree.
That’s not all Technique: Involves sweetening a deal before the person has had a chance to say yes or no.
Deadline Technique: Occurs when a sellers use the threat of a looming deadline to induce complience.
Integration: Involves using flattery to gain compliance
True or False:
Social loafing is the tendency to work more in a group than one would by themselves
False (One is more likely to work less when in a group, rather than by themselves)