Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender (typically men) over another, are most accurately termed ________
Sexism
___________ attributions - behavior is due to who the person is.
Personal
An ____ refers to a social group that an individual does not belong to, contrasting with in-groups, which include those with whom one identifies. Membership in out-groups can vary based on a range of characteristics, including ethnicity, gender, geography, and social class.
Out-group
When people change their behavior to fit that of other people in their group:
Conformity
A role in a group that is focused on providing emotional support and maintaining group morale is considered:
Expressive
Negative feelings directed at others strictly because of their membership in a certain group is called
Prejudice
The tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind.
Availability Heuristic
Involves overtly negative stereotypes and beliefs about women (e.g., that women are incompetent, manipulative, or overly emotional)
Hostile Sexism
The test which measures the speed at which participants associate stimuli with a positive or negative word.
IAT
happens when people conform because they believe others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more accurate than their own — and therefore, they look to others for guidance.
Informational influence
_______ racism refers to the unconscious biases, attitudes, or stereotypes people hold about individuals or groups based on race.
Implicit
The process by which one’s expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations.
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
–“Women are naturally more nurturing, so they should stay home and raise children.” Is an example of:
Benevolent sexism
_______is a psychological state that occurs when a person experiences tension or discomfort because they hold two (or more) conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values—or when their behavior conflicts with their beliefs or values.
Cognitive dissonance
Technique is a classic compliance strategy in social psychology — used to increase the likelihood that someone will agree to a smaller request by first making a larger, unreasonable one that they are expected to refuse.
Door in the Face
Over and intentional and refers to the conscious attitudes, beliefs, or stereotypes that a person holds about a group of people. These biases are deliberate and openly expressed, meaning the individual is aware of them and can usually articulate them.
Explicit Bias
_______attributions - behavior is due to the context they are in.
Situational
The _________ is a psychological phenomenon that suggests that our facial expressions can influence our emotions.
facial feedback effect
The ________ route occurs when a person is motivated and has the ability to carefully process, evaluate, and scrutinize the quality of arguments being presented.
Central
The compliance technique in which compliance to a desired request is increased by first gaining compliance to a smaller, but related, request is called
Foot in the door
in psychology refers to unjust or harmful behavior toward individuals based on their membership in a particular group — such as race, gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, or ability.________Sexism: Involves overtly negative stereotypes and beliefs about women (e.g., that women are incompetent, manipulative, or overly emotional)
Discrimination
A ________is a vividly detailed, long-lasting memory of the circumstances in which one first learned about a significant, surprising, and emotionally charged event
A flashbulb memory
__________ is a psychological phenomenon in which people reduce their effort when working in a group compared to when they work alone, often leading to decreased productivity and lower morale
Social loafing
The _______ Route to persuasion occurs when people are influenced by superficial cues rather than the strength or quality of the arguments.
Peripheral Route
The technique of getting a commitment from a potential customer and then changing the terms of the agreement is best described as
Low Balling