Relationships & Attraction
In Dutton & Aron’s bridge experiment, this was the primary outcome for the men who crossed the high, wobbly suspension bridge.
What is they were more likely to call the attractive female confederate (due to misattribution of arousal)?
A smoker says “the research isn’t that clear anyway” after learning smoking is harmful. What dissonance reduction strategy is this?
Changing cognition (rationalization)
This theory suggests that to predict a specific behaviour, we must measure three specific things: attitude toward the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.
What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
This specific technique involves inducing a customer to agree to a very low cost, making the decision feel irrevocable, and then raising the price.
What is Lowballing?
What was the end goal in the summer camp experiment?
What is mutual interdependence. Collaborate together to fix a mutual problem.
In Baxter’s (1982) study of the breakup process, this strategy is defined by using a third party to communicate the end of the relationship.
What is a Manipulative strategy?
In Aronson & Mills' (1959) study on the Justification of Effort, this group gave the highest "liking" rating for a boring discussion group.
What is the group that underwent a "Severe Initiation"?
This is the most effective way to use fear-arousing communication to change attitudes.
What is using a moderate level of fear followed by specific recommendations to enable change?
According to the Contingency Theory of Leadership, this type of leader performs best in "moderate-control" work situations.
What is a Relationship-Oriented Leader?
How do we reduce Predejuice?
What is Changing Sterotypes: Exposure to counter-stereotypical examples can cause people to modify their attitudes over time and Using social categorization to reduce prejudice: Promote a common identity between in- and out-group members
This specific attachment style is characterized by a "paradoxical" desire for intimacy paired with a deep fear of it, leading to "pursuer-withdrawer" tendencies.
What is a Fearful (or disorganized) attachment style?
An ad uses emotional music and attractive visuals but weak arguments. Which persuasion route is being targeted?
What is the peripheral route?
According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach, name one condition under which a "Nature of the Communication" is more effective.
What are: if the message does not seem persuasive, if it uses 2-sided arguments, or if it utilizes primacy and recency effects?
This is the result of the "Infinity Loop" in attachment theory when partners react to secondary emotions rather than primary ones.
What is unmet attachment needs?
According to Social Dominance Theory (SDT), these are attitudes and cultural values (like "meritocracy") that are used to maintain group-based hierarchies.
What are Legitimizing Myths?
According to the Investment Model of Commitment, these three factors combine to determine the stability of a relationship.
What are Satisfaction, Investment, and Alternatives?
According to the Power of Mild Punishment, this type of external justification leads to "real" or permanent attitude change rather than just temporary compliance.
What is a weak external reason (or mild reward/punishment)?
According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, this is the specific result of an attitude changed via the "Central Route."
What is an attitude change that is long-lasting and resistant to change?
According to Janis (1982), name two "Symptoms" of Groupthink.
What are: feeling invulnerable, belief in moral superiority, stereotyped views of out-groups, self-censorship, or the illusion of unanimity?
In Terry's Case he has extensive community experience providing sexual health workshops, his research interests focus on race and sexuality. He would like to apply for a PhD program in clinical psychology. His GPA is below program threshold and his community experience is not considered.
What is being (de)valued in this system? And how does the GPA threshold tie back to SDT?
What is GPA is being valued, Community experience is being devalued and Hierarchy-Enhancing legizimizting myth.
A person says they strongly prefer emotionally deep partners, but consistently dates people based only on physical attractiveness.
Why might their attitudes fail to predict their behaviour, according to the theory of planned behaviour?
What is attitudes do not always predict behaviour. Likely due to: Lack of specific attitude-behaviour match, Situational factors (e.g., attraction cues, context), Spontaneous behaviour overriding planned attitudes
After failing a test, a student says, “The exam was unfair.” After doing well, they say, “I studied really hard.”
What bias is this, and how does it relate to internal vs. external attributions?
What is attribution theory, success is internal attribution, failure is external attribution.
According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach, name the three primary factors that determine whether a persuasive message will be effective.
What are the Source of the communication, the Nature of the communication, and the Nature of the Audience?
While "Transactional Leaders" focus on clear, short-term goals, this type of leader is characterized by inspiring their followers to focus on common, long-term goals
What is a Transformative Leader?
Define the two types of aggression: one that stems from feelings of anger aimed at inflicting pain, and one that is a means to a goal other than causing pain.
What are Hostile Aggression and Instrumental Aggression?