Attribution and Attitudes
Conformity and Obedience
Social Facilitation
and Loafing
Group Behavior
Potent Potables
100
According to attribution theory, we tend to explain human behavior by crediting either a person's ______________ or the situation.
A. disposition B. personality C. history D. family
100
Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines: A. only when the group had at least six members. B. only when members of the group were of high status. C. even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgment. D. even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
What is D, even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect?
100
The presence of others _______ a person's performance on well-learned tasks and _______ performance on unmastered tasks. A. improves; has no effect on B. hinders; improves C. improves; hinders D. improves; improves
What is C, improves; hinders?
100
When college women were dressed in KKK-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. The finding is best explained in terms of: A. social facilitation. B. deindividuation. C. groupthink. D. modeling.
What is B, deindividuation?
100
Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in their town. This best illustrates: A. the just-world phenomenon B. ingroup bias. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. scapegoating.
What is B, ingroup bias?
200
Friere did poorly on his math test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his teacher to conclude that Friere did poorly because: A. he is unmotivated to do well in school. B. the test covered material that hadn't been covered. C. his parents had an argument last night. D. he was not given enough time to complete the test.
A. he is unmotivated to do well in school. B. the test covered material that hadn't been covered. C. his parents had an argument last night. D. he was not given enough time to complete the test.
200
Normative social influence results from a person's desire to: A. clarify reality. B. maintain personal control. C. gain social approval. D. demonstrate self-restraint. E. avoid deindividuation.
What is C, gain social approval?
200
University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates: A. social loafing B. group polarization C. social facilitation. D. deindividuation.
What is A, social loafing?
200
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which: A. two subgroups of individuals have opposing opinions. B. individuals share similar opinions. C. each individual has a unique perspective. D. individuals have not formed any opinion.
What is B, individuals share similar opinions?
200
In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. This reaction is best explained in terms of: A. the just-world phenomenon. B. the bystander effect. C. the scapegoat theory. D. the mere exposure effect.
What is A, the just-world phenomenon?
300
We are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error when evaluating: A. our own behavior. B. the behavior of others. C. the behavior of a group. D. we are equally likely in each of the above situations.
A. our own behavior. B. the behavior of others. C. the behavior of a group. D. we are equally likely in each of the above situations.
300
After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Paul begins to jog regularly. The change in Paul's behavior best illustrates the impact of: A. normative social influence. B. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C. social facilitation. D. informational social influence.
What is D, informational social influence?
300
The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because: A. increasing familiarity with novel stimuli facilitates liking. B. a loss of self-restraint often accompanies arousal and anonymity. C. arousal encourages performance of the most likely response. D. group discussion enhances whatever attitude is initially dominant in the group.
What is C, arousal encourages performance of the most likely response?
300
Which of the following processes most obviously operates in groupthink? A. social facilitation B. cognitive dissonance C. group polarization D. self-disclosure
What is C, group polarization?
300
The fact that human aggression varies widely from culture to culture most strongly suggests that it is not: A. a reaction to frustration. B. influenced by social norms. C. an instinctive behavior. D. a product of deindividuation.
What is C, an instinctive behavior?
400
Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. She is least likely to steal the merchandise if: A. she is suffering the effects of deindividuation. B. her negative feelings toward stealing were developed in childhood. C. she is highly aware of her negative feelings. D. she has recently shoplifted jewelry from other stores.
What is C, she is highly aware of her negative feelings?
400
A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage: A. altruism. B. nonconformity. C. ingroup bias. D. superordinate goals.
What is B, nonconformity?
400
Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among ________ in cultures that value __________. A. women; collectivism B. women; individualism C. men; collectivism D. men; individualism
What is D, men; individualism?
400
Which of the following individuals most clearly adheres to a stereotype? A. Vladimir, who is especially attracted to Latin ladies B. Peter, who feels uncomfortable interacting with African-Americans C. Robin, who is convinced that college professors are usually impractical and forgetful D. Cyril, who never hires people over the age of 50 to work in his restaurant
What is C, Robin?
400
The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by: A. the increased number of suicides after Marilyn Monroe. B. President JFK's ill-fated decision to invade Cuba. C. the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese. D. the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiment.
What is D, the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiment?
500
Aleksis has recently begun to bully his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will: A. experience a loss of self-esteem. B. develop an increasing dislike for his brother. C. experience a sense of deindividuation. D. develop a great sense of admiration and respect for his brother.
What is B, develop an increasing dislike for his brother?
500
Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: A. shocking led the "learners" to make few learning errors. B. the "teachers" enjoyed shocking another person. C. the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. D. the "learners" accepted painful shocks without protest.
What is C, the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted?
500
On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be most likely to lead to improved performance? A. reciting the months of the year in alphabetical order. B. solving a crossword puzzle. C. learning foreign language words. D. sweeping the floor.
What is D, sweeping the floor?
500
Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying: A. group polarization. B. social traps. C. mirror-image perceptions. D. superordinate goals. E. social inequalities.
What is E, social inequalities.
500
Continuing to operate a fuel-inefficient car despite warnings about the effect of greenhouse gases best illustrates the dynamics of: A. the just-world phenomenon. B. social loafing. C. the mere exposure effect. D. a social trap.
What is D, a social trap?
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