Social Thinking
Zimbardo demonstrated, during his Stanford Prison Experiment, that _____________ have the ability to change the way we behave and think.
social ROLES
Describe a situation in which you would likely observe social loafing.
Social Loafing- diminished effort towards a shared goal/task due to the presence of others (diffusion of responsibility)
What is the definition of aggression in psychology?
Any physical or verbal behavior that involves the intention to hurt or destroy.
Name the three (and only three) traits that are considered to be universally attraction?
high cheek bones, large eyes, smile
Learning that occurs due to associations is called......
Classical Conditioning
Pedro was running for student body president. In order to persuade people to vote for him, he spent a significant amount of time preparing his speech, outlining all the things he would do for the school if elected. Pedro is using which route to persuasion?
Central Route to Persuasion
Name two factors that strengthen the likelihood to conform to a group.
-feel incompetent/insecure
-group has at least 3 people
-group is unanimous
-made no prior commitments
- being observed
his parent(s), a perceived void in himself, an early romantic or sexual experience, familiarity/comfort/provision.
While driving to work, Mrs. Jones saw a car speeding past her (approx. 70 mph) on Shawnee Mission Parkway. List one thought Ms. Crandall might have if she used the two different types of attribution.
Dispositional Attribution: What a reckless driver, they are careless/dangerous/selfish/ a jerk, etc. (something about the driver AS A PERSON)
Situational Attribution: They must be running late for something important/an emergency. I wonder what they are in a such a rush for ( something about the EXTERNAL SITUATION)
Explain the difference between normative social influence and informative social influence.
Normative: influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Informative: Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
Karen just found out that her mom won't let her go to the Prom because she has 2 D's in her classes. For several days, Karen makes mean jokes towards her mother. This can be explained by which term related to aggression?
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
What is the matching hypothesis? (must include two parts)
People tend to choose friends and partners who are similar to themselves in attractiveness AND have similar physical characteristics.
Which two components of classical conditioning are ALWAYS the same thing?
NS, CS
Provide an example of the self-serving bias of attribution theory.
Self- serving bias: Attribution one's OWN behavior in whichever way is most flattering to the self (dispositional or situational)
Write a scenario demonstrating social facilitation.
Presences of others boosts performance during routine tasks (without conscious awareness).
What is the bystander intervention effect?
People are less likely to give aid with other people present.
What is the mere exposure effect? Which factor of attraction does it fit into?
Repeated exposure to something breeds liking.
Proximity Factor
Fill in the blanks. Classical conditioning occurs when a(n) _____ is paired with a(n) _____. Over time, the ________ becomes the _______, causing a _______ (what has been learned).
US, NS, NS, CS, CR
(first two are interchangeable)
Write a scenario in which the fundamental attribution error occurs.
FAE: Over estimating and assigning dispositional attribution towards others and therefore underestimating and undersigning situational attribution towards others.
Write a scenario for deindividuation.
Deindividuation: less self-conscious and less restrained in group situations. Feelings of being invisible, hidden by the group.
Describe the findings of Latane and Darley.
"When more people are available to help in an emergency situation, a victim is LESS likely to to be helped. Each person is less likely to intervene when there are other bystanders around."
BYSTANDER EFFECT
People's friends and partners are typically similar to them in 4 out of 5 common traits. Name three of these 5 traits.
Race, ethnicity, age, level of education, religion
Rachel has an extreme fear of public speaking. This is because when she was 10 years old and gave a speech in front of her elementary school class, they all teased her and made fun because her the fly of her pants was undone.
Write out the letters of learning for this classical conditioning scenario.
US: being teased for pants
UR: sadness, embarrassment
NS: public speaking
CS: public speaking
CR: fear