This variable is also known as the cause in a cause-effect relationship.
What is the Independent Variable?
100
An error that occurs when a researcher overgeneralizes individual behavior to make theoretical statements about large-scale units, such as families or societies.
What is reductionism?
100
Research in which one examines patterns of symbolic meaning within written text, audio, visual, or other communication medium.
What is content analysis?
100
A dispersion of scores or cases in which the median, mean, and mode are the same.
What is a normal distribution?
100
In experimental research, the independent variable is called this.
What is the treatment?
200
These categories or levels are used measure differences within or between variables.
What is an attribute?
200
The logical error of falsely accepting the null hypothesis.
What is a Type II error.
200
A type of research in which a researcher directly observes the people being studied in a natural setting for an extended period of time.
What is field research?
200
The idea that two variables vary together, such that an increase in the values of one variable causes an increase in the values of the second variable.
What is a positive correlation?
200
A diagram that displays the statistical relationship between two variables based on plotting each case's values for both variables.
What is a scattergram?
300
This occurs between the initial causal variable and the final effect variable, and replaces the original cause in a causal explanation.
What is an Intervening Variable?
300
A statement that appears to be a causal explanation but is not, because of a hidden, unmeasured, or initially unseen variable.
What is spuriousness?
300
The process of converting raw information or data into another form for analysis.
What is coding?
300
A pattern in the elaboration paradigm in which the partials show the same relationship as in a bivariate contingency table of the independent and dependent variable alone.
What is a replication pattern?
300
A hypothesis that states that there is no relationship or association between to variables, and so no effect.
What is a null hypothesis?
400
Explaining a variable in terms of the specific activities to measure or indicate it with empirical evidence.
What is an operational definition?
400
In focus group research, this refers to people's natural desire to avoid conflict and lean towards consensus, even when doing so is against his or her personal opinion.
What is groupthink?
400
An iterative sampling technique associated with grounded theory in which the sample size is determined by gathering information until the data are saturated (no new information emerges).
What is a theoretical sampling?
400
A way to locate a score in a distribution of scores by determining the number of standard deviations it is above or below the mean.
What is a z score?
400
The dependability or consistency of the measure of a variable.
What is reliability?
500
The process of developing clear, rigorous, systematic definitions for abstract ideas.
What is conceptualization?
500
An effect that occurs when subjects in an experiment react to more to being observed than to the actual treatment.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
500
The extent to which two or more independent coders agree on the coding of the content.
What is intercoder reliability?
500
A system for describing patterns evident among tables when a bivariate contingency table is compared with partials after a control variable has been added.
What is the elaboration paradigm?
500
A type of measurement validity that requires a measure represent all aspects of the conceptual definition of a construct.