Industrial Revolution
Direct Rule & French W. Africa
Indirect Rule & British W. Africa
WWI & WWII
Colonization Process
100
What happened to slavery after the Industrial Revolution began?
It was replaced with machinery, which was more effective than human labor in producing goods
100
Describe French indirect rule.
What is (1) educating Africans in French-run schools to be colonial administrators, replacing traditional chiefs (2) assimilating Africans into French culture, rejecting traditional African culture (3) colonial territories divided into "cercles"
100
Describe direct rule.
What is (1) British colonial officials collaborated with local chiefs and let them keep power (2) colonial territories divided into "districts" with a District Commissioner (familiar?)
100
Which 2 African states remained independent after the Berlin Conference? (1 of the states was invaded by a European country eventually, +100 pts for which African state, which European country, and what date)
What is Ethiopia and Liberia (1935 Ethiopia was invaded by Italy - throwback to WWII)
100
Name a reason why Europeans began to support conquering Africa (100 pts per reason)
What is (1) businessmen profited from commodity goods from Africa (2) Europeans wanted to eliminate competition from African elites and rival European nations (3) Lenin: capitalism needed to expand to profit (4) "civilizing mission" aka spreading European moral ideals & Christianity
200
This invention powered transportation methods that allowed Europeans to travel in Africa more easily (which transportation methods?)
What is steam engines --> railroads, ships (Heart of Darkness anyone?)
200
(Both France/England) What infrastructure/reforms did European countries enact in African colonies? How was it paid for? What was the purpose?
What is (1) building railroads, roads, harbors, limited improvements in water, electricity, education after WWII (2) Africans were taxed, compliance enforced by courts and recruited African police (3) to bring tax revenue and profits to Europe by shipping raw materials from Africa to Europe, where it is processed and sold
200
What is the Dual Mandate? Who came up with it?
What is (1) idea that goal of colonialism was to (a) bring economic profit to Britain and (b) give Africans "civilization" and material progress (2) Frederick Lugard, Governor of Nigeria
200
How did WWI impact Africans/Africa? How did Europe respond to strikes and revolts in Africa during WWI
What is (1) some Africans fought in WWI trenches, W. Front (2) Africans had to work more for less pay, since money was needed in Europe for the war effort (3) European officials in Africa were pulled out to fight, showing that European systems had weakness (4) Europeans promised improvements to Africans after the war to appease them
200
Name of conference where European powers negotiated trade and divisions of territory in Africa. Bonus: name 2 African states that were not colonized by the end of the conference.
What is (1) Berlin Conference (2) Ethiopia and Liberia
300
Define legitimate commerce
What is trading commodity goods (e.g. sugar, palm oil) with Africa instead of human slaves
300
Who are the Murids? Who is the founder? What is their order called? Bonus points for relating to an Afro-centrist scholar
What is (1) a Sufi group that aimed to create a space for Sufism within French colonial administration, proper "jihad" is the individual struggle against sin and not military reform (2) Amadou Bamba (3) Muridiyya - "novices who seek the Lord" (B) Cheikh Anta Diop studied Murid teachings of Amadou Bamba
300
The act that led the Asante to view the British as intruders and resulted in war was (+300 for naming the war and how many there were)
What is (1) continued British presence after the abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade (2) Anglo-Asante Wars, there were 5
300
What is assimilation, who used it, and why?
What is (1) granting a few Africans European privileges (2) France (3) to keep the rest of the African population satisfied that there was some "progress" and hope of gaining privileges, while France buys time to rebuild from the war
300
Name as many countries as you can that attended the Berlin Conference. Minus points for guessing countries that did not attend the conference (unless you are pointing them out specifically because they did not attend)
What is Britain, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Turkey, US
400
Name of act that abolished slave trade in British Empire
What is 1807 Abolition of the Slave Trade Act
400
What was the relationship between Amadou Bamba & the Murids and France?
What is (1) in 1910 Bamba accepted French rule (2) Bamba supported France against Ottoman Empire in WWI, in return Murids got a sovereign space, independent education, and capital & mosque at Touba (3) "The French also appreciated the volume of peanut production carried out by Muridiyya laborers" <-- packet quote (i love peanuts too)
400
Which British commander did the Asante behead in 1824 after defeating the British?
What is Sir Charles McCarthy
400
How did the Great Depression (1929-1939) affect Africans/Africa?
What is (1) world trade dropped 50%, so African exports were less in demand and prices dropped, so Africans were paid less (2) Europeans granted Africans more rights to appease them after failing to provide improvements and reform in Africa
400
Name 3 technological advances that allowed Europeans to travel and stay in Africa for longer in the 19th century
What is (1) steam powered travel, rails, ships (2) quinine and improved medicines (3) improved metalworking --> more powerful weapons
500
(Econ, art overlap!) Name 3 commodity goods that Africa exported, and what their uses were in Europe.
What is (1) palm oil --> machine lubrication, soaps (2) gum Arabic --> fabric stiffener (3) sugar, tea, coffees, edibles --> eating (4) rubber --> waterproofing goods (5) ivory --> piano keys, sculptures, etc.
500
Who was Dammel Lat Joor Joop? What is his significance?
What is (1) a Muslim leader and contemporary of Bamba, reluctant supporter of France (2) France undermined Lat Joor's power by using his land to grow peanuts and build railroads, and killing him
500
What happened between the British and Asante in 1873? Who led British forces against the Asante? What happened after 1873?
What is (1) The Dutch transferred Elmina castle to Britain without Fante/Asante approval --> Asante invaded the coast in protest --> British retaliate and occupy capital Kumasi (2) Garnet Wolseley (3) Britain annexed Asante territory as colony in Scramble for Africa, enacted "civilizing mission" (British schools, houses, infrastructure paid for by African taxes)
500
Discuss the impact of WWII on Africans/Africa. How did European countries treat their colonies during the war? After the war? Relate to independence?
What is (1) WWII cost a lot so African soldiers were went to fight (2) To keep Africans happy, colonial governments made promises of reform but it was expensive, some improvement in roads, edu, health (3) Africans can "associate" with Europe - can determine own political/government but economy still revolves around Europe (4) Africans who fought overseas were inspired by Allies' mission to bring democracy, self-determination, Atlantic Charter (5) Europe seemed vulnerable in the war
500
Some historians argue that African supported European conquest and colonialism. What evidence do they give?
Egyptian leaders near the Suez Canal faced unrest. 1880s British occupation helped control opposition and keep the existing Egyptian leaders in power (albeit under British control)
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