Sociology
A collection of norms, values, symbols, language, and associate physical artifacts and the bind a particular group together through time and space.
A Culture
Anthropologists, especially Biological Anthropologists, are concerned with this, the process by which living things change in response to their environment, with only the "fittest" surviving.
Evolution
Fundamentally, Psychologists study both mental processes, which happen in your head, and this, which is all of the actions you take in the real world.
Behavior
Most economists see our economy as being pushed by two basic forces: Supply, which is how much stuff is readily available, and this, which is how much people want that stuff.
Demand
This is the most famous methodology in basically ANY science. It allows us to show that one thing caused a another.
Experiment
Cultures have certain values that are important to them, such as Honor, Loyalty, Freedom, or Equality. Behaviors that put these values into action are called...
Norms
This research methodology is used almost exclusively by Anthropologists. It involves living within a particular culture and reporting on it from the inside.
Ethnography
Clinical Psychologists often diagnose patients with these. While most people might call them "crazy" or "nuts", Clinical Psychologists consider this offensive.
Mental Illness
Microeconomics
If one measurement (e.g. the temperature in a room) increases together with another (e.g. how angry the people inside it are), these two measures are said to be this.
Correlated
A major perspective used by sociologists to form theories about society.
Paradigm
This branch of Anthropology focuses on cultures which are "dead", or no longer active.
Archeology
Cognitive psychologists are focus on how we deal with information. One major topic they study is this, our capacity to keep important information in our minds over time, and retrieve it when needed.
Memory
In early 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, which led to many countries, including the USA, getting cut off from Russian oil. This sudden drop in supply, while demand remained the same, lead to this.
Inflation
Random
Karl Marx, the father of Communism is typically associated with this sociological paradigm.
Conflict Theory
This kind of anthropologist focuses on the words we use in different cultures and how they've changed as our species has moved across the planet.
Linguistic (Anthropologist)
This type of psychologists often sees people as going through specific stages during which they grow more advanced, both mentally and physically.
Developmental (Psychology)
Economists assume that every decision has one of these. In other words, every time we choose one thing we are also deliberately not choosing another.
Opportunity Cost
Sometimes we need to conduct this kind of study, which focuses on one very unique individual, often one who was born with a rare condition or suffered an unusual accident.
Case Study
Contemporary America is considered this kind of society, one based around information and service, rather than manufacturing.
Post-Industrial
This niche specialty in anthropology uses knowledge of human biology to help police solve crimes.
Forensic (Anthropology)
Social Psychologists Kenneth & Mammie Clark are most famous for their "Doll Study", which showed that "separate, but equal" school for children of different races led black children to feel inferior. Th evidence they produced help to overrule "separate, but equal" in this case.
Brown vs. Board of Education
Most classical economists assume that the value of a product is subjective: something is worth what ever another person is willing to pay for it. Karl Marx, on the other hand, believed value was determined by how much of this was needed to make it.
Labor (work)
To conduct this kind of study properly, we should try to mix both the "-emic", or insider, perspective with the "-etic", or researchers, perspective.
Ethnography