Authoritarianism
Democracy
Economics
Classical Liberalism
Ideologies
100
What are four techniques of authoritarian governments?
Use of force, indoctrination, controlled participation and direction of popular discontent.
100
In a parliamentary government, how is the government held accountable to the legislature?
The elected members of the legislature have final say about the Prime Minister, so the Prime Minister cannot stay in power without the confidence of the legislature.
100
In an economic recession, what solution does demand-side economics suggest?
The government infusing money into the economy to counter low consumer demand, while also reducing taxes.
100
What kind of freedom does Classical Liberalism focus on?
Negative freedom, where the government provides freedom by not intervening in citizens' lives.
100
What is Socialism?
Socialism is a government system that believes in widespread government control of resources instead of private ownership. It is slightly right of communism on the political spectrum, and emphasizes the importance of the "greater good".
200
What is an oligarchy?
The rule of an elite group with a common feature such as wealth, race, etc.
200
What is strategic voting and when does it occur?
Strategic voting is when voters choose not to vote for a smaller party, but for a larger party who has a higher chance of winning even if their values aren't as similar. It occurs in a first past the post system, when votes for losing parties do not contribute to the decisions about federal leadership.
200
What makes up fiscal policy?
Decisions about government spending and taxation.
200
What is the main difference between Classical Liberalism and Modern Liberalism?
Classical liberalism emphasizes individual and economic freedom, while modern liberalism puts forth the idea that economic freedom should come from freedom of opportunity.
200
What is Thatcherism?
An ideology based on the actions of Margaret Thatcher when she was Prime Minister of Britain. Thatcherism advocates for privatization of businesses, individual responsibility, and lower taxes, placing it on the right side of the political spectrum.
300
What is the Crisis Theory?
It says that crises give a chance for a dictator to emerge out of citizens' desperation for stability, leading to a shift from democracy to authoritarianism.
300
What is a negative aspect of the parliamentary system?
A significant amount of power is concentrated in the executive branch, and also election dates are not fixed.
300
What are the three fundamental economic questions?
1. What will be produced?
2. How will the goods and services be produced?
3. To whom will the goods and services be distributed?
300
According to Classical Liberal ideas, what is the purpose of government?
The purpose of government is to protect civil liberties by ensuring everyone has the opportunity to exercise their rights and freedoms. Government should do this by not interfering with citizens’ lives, so that liberties can be fully exercised.
300
What is chartism?
It was a movement within the British working class. It called for changes in citizen involvement in the government through things like universal suffrage for men, equal populations of electoral districts, and changes in qualifications for government positions. 
400
What negative aspects of democracy does authoritarianism solve?
Inefficiency in decision-making, political deadlock, neglect of minority groups, difficulty countering country-wide crises, and political compromises leading to ineffective action.
400
What is one difference between the Canadian and American judicial branches?
Supreme court judges are appointed for life.
400
What is Monetarism?
An approach to economics that uses control of money supply to regulate economic growth. It embraces laissez-faire government involvement in scenarios like unemployment and inflation.
400
What deviation from classical liberal ideas did John Stuart Mill suggest?
He suggested that the government intervene for the good of society, specifically when harm to others may occur.
400
What is Utopian Socialism?
A form of socialism that uses a "utopia", or a perfect world, as a model for society. Many utopian socialists advocate for humanitarianism and improved working conditions.
500
What are the four theories about the rise of authoritarian governments?
1. Divine Right
2. Great Man Theory
3. Crisis Theory
4. Instability of Liberal Democracy
500
What is gerrymandering?
When leaders change riding boundaries to help a party win.
500
What is stagflation, and what is an example of when it has occurred?
Stagflation is when inflation occurs during an economic recession.
eg.) Oil shortages caused by the banning of trade between OPEC countries and the US. Prices increased and the economy slowed, causing stagflation.
500
How did welfare capitalism solve some of the problems of Classical Liberalism?
Welfare capitalism retained some of the laissez-faire government policies while also taking into consideration workers’ rights. It also helped to prevent the rise of labour unions, which was a major problem with classical liberalism.
500
What is Egalitarianism?
An approach to economics that believes the means of production should be owned collectively, and that programs like a guaranteed minimum income should diminish economic inequality.