The Cod Fishing
Industry
Industry
Once the fish were processed, who were they sold to?
Fish Merchants
Why did merchants often face financial risk as well?
Merchants often faced financial risks as well, because of the fluctuations in the price of fish.
Seals were hunted with long iron-tipped sticks called _________.
Gaffs
Who came from a long line of renowned Trinity Bay shipbuilders. He settled in Green Bay, where he built the Fleetwing, a vessel known for its speed?
Jonas Newhook
The method of trade that existed between fishermen and merchants was called the __________ ______________.
Truck System
What other types of fish were harvested in the nineteenth century?
Other types of fish that were harvested in the19th century included salmon, herring and lobster.
Fishermen and their families received _________ at the merchant’s store.
What was the name of the sealing vessel that was lost tragically in 1914?
The Southern Cross
In the 1830’s, the ____________ _______ __________________, which was by that time a sixty-year-old fur trading company, expanded into Labrador and quickly put small traders out of business.
Hudson's Bay Company
The ___________ ______________ took place near the shores of Newfoundland and Labrador, with fishermen operating small boats.
Inshore Fishery
What process involved cutting the throat of the fish, removing the head, taking out the guts, removing the sound-bone and washing the fish?
Splitting
DAILY DOUBLE
How many grades of fish were there?
Seven
Seal skinners could “de-fat” or “skin out” about _____ harp seal pelts in a ten-hour work day.
450
Why was life so lonely for a trapper’s wife?
Life for a trapper’s wife was so lonely because trappers often left home often and for long periods of time, leaving their young wives home to tend to their houses, take care of babies and livestock and cook and clean. Women were alone most of the time in these families and had to learn how to cope with that. They were also always worried that their husbands had been hurt in the woods, as trappers were also alone and the woods could be dangerous.
There were two branches of the ________ ____________: the “landsman’s hunt” and the “offshore hunt”
Seal Fishery
What are the three fisheries that took place in Newfoundland and Labrador?
The three fisheries that took place in Newfoundland and Labrador are inshore fishery, the bank fishery and the Labrador fishery.
Merchants were often referred to as villains. Why?
Merchants were often referred to as villains because they had control of all of the money, therefore giving them power. Some merchants were good, however some were not and they took advantage of the fishermen by grading their fish low and paying them little credit, often putting them in debt.
Describe the process of killing and cleaning a seal.
A seal is killed with a gaff, a long stick and a sharp end that kills the seal instantly and almost painlessly. Next, the seals are cleaned and sculped and towed back to the ship, where they are brought back to shore to be skinned-out and sold. Sculping in the process of removing the fat and skin from the meat of the seal.
DAILY DOUBLE
Who is Michael Kearney and what did he do?
Michael Kearney was a famous shipbuilder from Ferryland, and may be considered Newfoundland’s finest shipbuilder. He was born in the 1800’s and he was known for making many ships of strength, speed and beauty. He built many famous ships that took famous voyages, such as the Ida and the Gauntlet, both known for their speedy trips across the sea.
In the Newfoundland ________ _____________, large vessels called schooners carried crews and dories to the banks.
Bank Fishery
What are the four steps in harvesting and preparing cod fish for sale?
The four steps in harvesting and preparing cod fish are Hauling cod traps, Splitting cod fish, drying the fish on flakes and then grading and weighing in at the merchant.
How could people tell the difference between merchants and fishermen on the wharves?
You could tell the difference between merchants and fishermen because fishermen would often be wearing rougher looking clothes and be dirtier, thinner and look less fortunate. Merchants would look richer with nicer clothes and fuller bellies.
Why did they make sealing vessels cheaper?
Sealing vessels were made cheaper because sealing was a dangerous business and many vessels were being lost and getting damaged by the ice, and needed to be rebuilt often. To save on the rebuilding costs, shipbuilders used cheaper materials and built lesser quality ships so that the financial loss was not as great when a ship was damaged or wrecked.
Were the HBC and the Moravian mission stations different from the fish merchants? Explain.
Yes, merchants were different from Moravian mission stations and the HBC because merchants often treated fishermen unfairly and did not pay them well, resulting in fishermen often being in debt to the merchants. The Moravian missions also did not provide people with harmful substances.
The ______________ ______________ refers to a migratory fishery conducted by non-residents.
Labrador Fishery