Cities
This factory town was named after a key figure of the Industrial Revolution.
Lowell, Massachusetts
Define textile mill
a machine that transforms fiber into a product such as yarn or fabric.
This Boston Merchant found a way to improve on British textile mills.
Francis Cabot Lowell
Define Capital
Money used to build, run, or grow a business.
This movement of the population from farms to cities is called
urbanization
Define a Spinning Jenny
a machine that could spin several threads at once.
This person was a skilled mechanic in a British textile mill. When he heard that Americans were offering large rewards for plans of British factories, he decided to leave Britain.
Samuel Slater
Define Capitalist
a wealthy person who uses money to invest in trade and industry for profit
By today's standards, early cities were ___ compared to cities now.
very small
Moses Brown built the first successful textile mill in the United States that was powered by
Water
Young women who worked in new mills. They usually sent their wages home to families and worked in the mills for a few years before returning home to marry.
"Lowell Girls"
Define "Child Labor" and give an example
work that deprives children of their childhood and work that is harmful to physical and mental development
Growing cities had many problems. Dirt and gravel streets turned into mudholes when it rained and cities had no sewers, this led to
Epidemics of influenza and cholera (Diseases)
Why did Britain want to keep their new technology a secret?
they did not want rival nations to copy the new machines.
These people were especially useful in textile mills because they could squeeze around the large machines to change spindles.
Children, both boys and girls.
Define Industrial Revolution
a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced.
Name 3 attractions of the new and improved cities
Theaters, museums, circuses, people could shop in fine stores that sold the latest fashions from Europe.
Eli Whitney wanted to speed up the making of guns by having machines manufacture each part. All machine made parts would be alike, for example, one trigger would be identical to another. This is an example of an
interchangeable part
Why did mill owners mostly hire women and children?
Because they only had to pay them half of what they had to pay men.
Define "Factory System"
Brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods. Factory workers earned daily or weekly wages. They had to work a set number of hours each day.