Traveling
Early Man was able to inhabit North America because of the ___________ that connected Asia to North America
Land bridge
As societies advanced, those arose a need to keep written records of religious holidays, taxes collected, and laws created. Historians would quickly point out that some advanced societies never developed oped written language
Record Keeping
Doing something you're skilled at
Specialization
What is currently known about social classes in Catal Huyuk?
They were in an egalitarian society with a few social classes
Sumer developed complex institutions, advanced tech, and specialized workers. Therefore, what is Sumer?
Civilization
Early Man developed ____________ quickly; we know this because of the evidence these people left behind
Innovation
Food surpluses gave the opportunity for job specialization. In large cities, not everyone had to farm or produce food. Many people began to specialize as artisans- potters, jewelers, tailors, or metal workers, for example.
Specialized Workers
What are artisans?
Working in a skilled way, mostly can be done by hand
What is at the present time known about written language in Catal Huyuk?
There was no written language in Catal Huyuk
The stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered advanced
A civilization
Although there are not as many ______________ left today, there are tribes in Africa, South America, and Indonesia that live this way.
Hunter-gatherer
One of the hallmarks of civilization is the development of technology. In the case of early civilizations, technology took the form of, the wheel, irrigation systems, and the use of bronze. The stone age ended around 2,500 BCE when people began smelting copper and tin to make bronze
Advanced Technology
What are two early cultures/civilizations?
Catal Huyuk and Mesopotamia
Is Catal Huyuk a civilization? Explain.
No, it doesn't have the characteristics of a civilization and written language
What is a surplus?
An excess of production or supply
Small ________ of early humans formed to improve their individual chance of survival
Bands
A civilization will tend to have several large cities. Size of population alone does not differentiate a city from a town or village. A city will offer opportunities for exchange (trade) by providing a large marketplace.
Advanced Citites
What was the effect of lots of obsidian near the volcano which was valuable during that time?
Catal Huyuk was founded near a volcano
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Land between two rivers
Farmers were able to produce a _________, more than what is needed to survive, as their agricultural techniques improved.
Surplus
As early humans became more aware of their surroundings, they began making many important ________________
Cultures
As larger numbers of people began settling together, a need for societal order arose. Large cities began to organize governments to create laws, and police forces to enforce them. Rulers and a governmental ruling class emerged, as did a class of warriors, and a class of priests
Complex Institutions
What is known about religion in Catal Huyuk?
They had some sort of religious practice, but evidence suggest that there are no priestly temples/classes
Where was Mesopotamia located?
In the middle of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Some examples of items in surplus were ________, _______, and ________
Sheep raisers, wool, other materials