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Central Beliefs ✡

100

What are the Central Beliefs?

1. Education 2. Justice and Righteousness 3. Monotheism 4. Observance of Religious and Moral Laws

200

What are the Main Holidays and their purposes?

Hanukah - Is in December and celebrates the rededication of the second temple after the Maccabee revolt. Passover - Celebrates the Exodus or freeing of the Jews. Matzah is eaten and the ritual seder plate is eaten. High Holy Days - Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Rosh Hashanah - Celebrates the Jewish New Year. Yom Kippur - Asks for forgiveness of sins. Many people fast on this day.

300

Why is Education important to Jews?

It is important because education is why Judaism is still here today. Jewish Parents are supposed to teach their children how to be Jewish and keep the line going.

400

how do Jews practice justice and Righteousness?

Justice ------ *Everyone deserves justice. Justice is being kind and equal/fair. *Part of justice is also being kind to those who need it as an act of charity. *Finally, being fair in dealings with money in businesses is also an example. Righteousness -------------- *Since they are the "chosen ones" Jews are expected to model the correct behavior, even if others do not. *Can be considered more important than the religious ceremonies.

500

How do Jews practice observance of moral and religious laws?

They do this by following the established laws such as the Ten Commandments and some Mosaic laws, praying at the synagogue every week, and reading the Torah.

Sacred Texts ✡

100

What are the main Sacred Texts?

1. Torah 2. Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) 3. Commenteries If you said Dead Sea Scrolls, wrong! Although the Dead Sea Scrolls contain some sacred texts, the Dead Sea Scrolls are not a main sacred text, and as a whole contain many other passages such as letters, Hebrew Bible, commentaries, and prayers.

200

Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls important?

They were found by a boy looking for his goat near the dead sea. They are important because they allowed scholars and historians to know how Jews lived in the Ancient Times.

300

What is the Torah and Commentaries?

Torah - five books that tell history from the beginning of the world to the death of Moses. At least one is located in every synagogue, but cannot be touched by bare hands. Commentaries - explanations or comments usually made by rabbis to allow everyone to understand passages in the Torah or Mosaic Law, etc. The Talmud contains many commentaries and life lessons.

400

What is the Hebrew Bible?

Otherwise called the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: 1. The Torah 2. Eight Books of Jewish Prophets 3. Eleven Books of poems, lessons, history, proverbs, psalms, and songs.

500

Why are the Ten Commandments so important?

The Ten Commandments were so important to the Jews because they contained the most important Jewish Laws. Also during the Exodus, when Moses received the Ten Commandments from G-d, it gave the Jews hope and was a test of their faith. They also shaped other cultures and religions. The Ten Commandment's main principles such as do not kill, ect. shaped Western Culture. Also, a lot of the Ten Commandments are in other religions like Islam in Christianity.

Wars and Revolts ✡

100

How many revolts were there and who was affected?

*There was two revolts *Romans won both of them *Jews lost both of them

200

What was the second revolt, why did it happen, and what were the consequences?

The second revolt happened after the first revolt because some Jews stayed in Rome and were unhappy with the rule, but the Romans won again. In consequence, the Romans officially banned Jews from Jerusalem with a life threat, causing the Diaspora.

300

What was the first revolt, why did it happen, and what were the consequences?

Zealots organized the Jews in a revolt against Rome because they believed they should answer to no one, but god. After this, the Second Temple was destroyed--which was the main consequence--so many Jews left the revolt and Israel, but the Zealots stayed and fled to Masada. The Zealots lived in Masada and it took the Romans 2 years to break in, but when the Zealots found out they had breached their home, they all suicided except one zealot because they didn't want to become slaves. Other consequences were that some who stayed were captured and made slaves.

400

As a result of the Second revolt, how did the Diaspora influence Judaism?

In the Diaspora, the Jews divided into two groups called the Ashkenazim and Sefardim. Their isolation from their main temple and holy city caused them to find other means to connect to Judaism. More people became rabbis and more synagogues were established in which at least one torah was located. The Jews divided into the two following cultural groups: Ashkenazim ---------- *Lived in Eastern Europe *Communities separated from non-Jews *Unique customs *Yiddish (German dialect + Hebrew script) Sefardim ------- *Lived in Spain and Portugal *Diverse culture which produced Golden Ages *Mixed with non-Jews *Wrote philosophies, poems, and advanced in mathematics, astronomy, science, and medicine. *Created Ladino (Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic)

500

HA! You thought this was wars and revolts. Nope. Explain the following terms. Say examples (their value will be validated by mua) belief fact faith opinion prejudice tolerance

Belief - A thought that has no scientifically evidence. ex. Maya believes that one day aliens will come down and visit Earth. Fact - A thought or thing that can be proven by Science. ex. It is a known fact that Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions as it has been proven by the research of many historians. Faith - A thought or belief that is not based on scientifical evidence, but it is mostly based on trust and spirituality. ex. I have faith that Maya will do good in her first exorcism. Opinion - A belief pertaining to a person based on their experiences. ex. I disagree with Bob's opinion on the refugee crisis as I believe it is wrong and he believes it is right. Prejudice - Pre-judging someone based on facts that may not apply to everyone. ex. It is complete prejudice to say someone is unfriendly just because they don't smile. Tolerance - Accepting other people and respecting their choices and beliefs even if they are from your own. ex. Ms. Scoggin tolerates others beliefs even though she's athiest.

Leaders ✡

100

Who were the zealots?

The zealots were a group of rebellious Jews tired of foreign rule who didn't believe they should answer to anyone but G-d. They led the first revolt.

200

Who were the Maccabees and what did they do?

The Maccabees were a Jewish family who were tired of foreign rule, so they led a revolt. They won the revolt and regained power of Israel. The Maccabees also built Solomon's Second Temple and their rededication ceremony is what people celebrate and remember on Hanukah.

300

You thought this was leaders? Nope. Deal with it... How were Women treated in Jewish Society? Which gender had more rights?

Women had few rights in Jewish society. *They could not chose their own husband (they couldn't be forced into marriage, though) *Couldn't inherit property *Men provided for them *Men made most of a women's decisions. Men had more rights.

400

Why was Ruth and Naomi's story inspirational to other Jews and how are they leaders?

The story is that Ruth's husband died and she was not an Israelite. Naomi, her husbands mother, was to go to Israel, but Ruth wasn't going to let her go alone. In Israel, Ruth supported Naomi and stayed with her. Eventually, Naomi's fait inspired Ruth and she became a Hebrew/Jew. Ruth and Naomi's story is told to emphasize the importance of family and sticking together and the importance of faith. P.S - The latter point is less important. The reason they can be considered leaders is because people look up to their story as an example.

500

How did Abraham, Moses, David, and Solomon influence the development of Judaism?

Abraham influenced Judaism because he was the first Jew and believed and did whatever G-d said, influencing other's beliefs. Moses influenced Judaism because he freed them from Egypt, allowing them to go to Israel and then have the Diaspora. He also received the Ten Commandments, was a prophet, and his story was inspirational. David established Jerusalem and defeated the Philistines. Since he was loved by his people, people wrote many psalms for him which are still sung today. Again, some of his stories like David and the Goliath are still told today. Solomon was a good trade leader and established peaceful connections. He built Solomon's temple which was a big symbol of judaism and helped Jews be faithful.

Influences ✡

100

What did Judaism influence?

*Western Cultures *Islam *Christianity

200

Why did Judaism influence other cultures?

Because Judaism is one of the oldest religions. Other religions sort of used Judaism as a base. Also many people who started other religions like Christianity and Islam were originally Jewish or descendant from Jews like Abraham.

300

How did Moses's story influence Western culture?

His story of being the savior of a bunch of Jewish slaves that had lost hope and were practically defenseless is an inspiration to those going through tough situations. It inspires hope throughout. Ex. In the times of War people told the story of Moses for hope.

400

How are Western Cultures influenced by Judaism?

Answer content may vary, but must include the following points: *Shabbat on Friday and Saturday influences a general respect of the weekend, so we have no work on the weekends. *Moses's story and the Exodus is still told today to inspire hope. *The idea of charity comes from Judaism's central belief on Justice and Righteousness. *A lot of people use the Ten Commandments to help them find out whats wrong and right. ex. Don't kill or steal, treat parents with respect, etc.

500

How did Judaism influence Islam and Christianity?

Answer content may vary, but must include the following points: For Christianity mention: *Jesus was raised as a Jewish boy, so some of his teachings may be influenced by Jewish principals. *Christianity is based on Jesus's teachings. *Parts of the Old testament are passages from the Hebrew Bible. *The idea of charity is in Judaism's belief in justice and righteousness. *Similar morals that were established from the Ten Commandments. For Islam Mention: *Ancestors were descendant from Abraham. *The idea of charity is in Judaism's belief in justice and righteousness. *Similar morals that were established from the Ten Commandments.