collapse and aftermath of Rome
Question 1. what is Charlemagne also known as?
Question 2. What is Charlemagne legacy?
Answer 1. Charles the great and King of the Franks.
Answer 2. He United European culture and laid the foundation for Europe.
Question 1.why was the Manor system called self sufficient.
Question 2. What was important about the castle in the feudal system and what was the most important role.
Answer 1. it was designed to produce nearly everything needed for daily life {food, clothing, and tools—within its own boundaries, minimizing the need for external trade.}
Answer 2. Castles were foundational to the feudal system [acting as fortified residences and administrative centers, allowing lords to control territory, ect.] Their most important role was as a defensive stronghold and regional power base, [providing a secure home for the nobility to manage lands, launch attacks, and dominate the surrounding landscape]
Question 1. What are the 3 main reasons people went on the Crusades?
Question 2. What was the Reconquista?
Answer 1. religious fervor (salvation, penance, and reclaiming the Holy Land), economic opportunity (wealth, land, and trade), and social/political gain (adventure, fame, and feudal obligation).
Answer 2. a roughly 770-year period, from approximately 711 to 1492, during which Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula fought to take back control of territory from Muslim
Question 1. What direction did the Bubonic plague spead and why?
Answer 1. North to south. It moved along trade routes—via infected fleas on rats aboard ships and in caravans—driven by high-density urban living, poor sanitation, and increased trade connectivity.
Explain the definition:
Question 1: Cathedral
Question 2: Monk/Nun
Answer 1: officially defined as the principal church of a diocese, housing the cathedral (throne or seat) of the bishop
Answer 2: a person who dedicates their life to religious service, typically living in a cloistered monastery or convent under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
Question 1. What could the church do to people they were unhappy with?
Question 2. How could the church giving the people places to forgive the sins they committed and threatening social isolation give them power?
Answer 1. They could socially isolate them.
Answer 2. It makes people feel supported and threatened to do what the church wants making the church in charge of it all.
Question 1. What were the 3 stages of becoming a knight?
Question 2. What was the Manor system in Feudalism?
Answer 1. Page (beginning around age 7), Squire (starting around age 14), and finally, Knight (usually by age 21)
Answer 2. economic and social foundation of medieval European feudalism, organizing rural estates into self-sufficient units
Question 1. What city was being fought over the most?
Question 2. How was the church able to convince people to join the Crusades?
Answer 1. Jerusalem
Answer 2. promising spiritual rewards, notably plenary indulgences (forgiveness of sins) and guaranteed entry to heaven, while framing the military expedition as a holy, loving sacrifice to liberate the Holy Land from oppression. Also known as God,Gold, Glory.
Question 1. Why is the Magna Carta considered an important document?
Question 2. What does the Magna Carta do to the government and give to people.
Answer 1. The Magna Carta (1215) is fundamentally important because it established that everyone, including the monarch, is subject to the rule of law.[ It limited the king's power, protected feudal rights, and introduced vital concepts like due process and the right to a fair trial, laying the foundation for modern democracy and constitutional government.]
Answer 2. it granted "free men" rights to due process, habeas {you have} corpus, and trial by a jury of peers, laying foundations for constitutional law and modern individual liberties. Limiting the kings power.
Explain the definition:
Question 1. Salvation
Question 2. excommunication
Answer 1. deliverance of the soul from eternal damnation in Hell and the attainment of heaven
Answer 2. most severe spiritual penalty inflicted by the Catholic Church, defined as the formal, judicial exclusion of an individual from the communion of the faithful, denying them access to sacraments, church services, and Christian burial.
Question 1. What did the catholic church provide during the fall of Rome?
Question 2. What did the church provide so that peoples sins were forgiven?
Answer 1. They provided support to the people.
Answer 2. They provided a save space to have their sins forgiven by god.
Question 1. why were serfs powerless in society?
Question 2. What was the knight code of conduct?
Question 3. What was the sign that knights?
Answer 1. they were legally bound to the land, prohibited from leaving, marrying, or changing jobs without the lord's permission.
Answer 2. a medieval ethical, religious, and social system blending military prowess with noble virtues
Answer 3. his unique coat of arms, displayed on his shield, banner.
Question 1. what were the crusades?
Question 2. who was fighting in the crusades?
Answer 1. a series of religious and military campaigns, lasting from 1095 to 1291, launched by European Christians to seize control of the Holy Land
Answer 2. Western European Christians (Latin Church) and Muslim forces (Seljuk Turks, Fatimids, Ayyubids).
Question 1. what were other names for the black plague?
Question 2. Where did the plague begin?
Answer 1. Black death,Great Mortality, the Great Pestilence,Pest, the Plague, Blue Sickness , Bubonic plague and pestis.
Answer 2. Central Asia—likely near modern-day Kyrgyzstan
Explain the definition:
Question 1: Pope
Question 2: Feudalism
Question 3: Crusades
Answer 1. the Bishop of Rome and the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church
Answer 2. a decentralized social, economic, and political system in medieval Europe (9th–15th century) where landowners (lords) granted land (fiefs) to subordinates (vassals) in exchange for military service, loyalty, and labor.
Answer 3. a series of religious and military campaigns, primarily between 1096 and 1291, launched by Western European Christians to recover the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Question 1. 2 things lost in the fall of Rome?
Question 2. Who got power after the fall of Rome?
Answer 1.centralized political control, specialized infrastructure, and advanced intellectual culture, concrete production technology, large-scale engineering, mass literacy, complex tax systems, and safety, long-distance trade networks, leading to a localized, less advanced economy in Western Europe, ect.
Answer 2. The church.
Question 1. who really held the most power in feudal Europe?
Question 2. What was the expectation of vassals to their lord?
Question 3. What group was the biggest?
Answer 1. high-ranking nobles/lords.
Answer 2. provide their lord with loyalty, military service (typically 40–60 days yearly), and financial aid in exchange for land.
Answer 3. peasants/serfs
Question 1. What were people expected to give to the church?
Question 2.why was the church so powerful during this time?
Answer 1. In 1300s Europe, people were expected to give 10% of their annual earnings or produce—known as a tithe—to the Catholic Church. [This mandatory tax supported the clergy and local church]
Answer 2. The Roman Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe due to its monopoly on education, vast wealth from land ownership and taxes, and its perceived control over salvation
Question 1. What were the main carriers of the plague?
Question 2. How many people died in Europe from the plague?
Answer 1. infected flea or rats
Answer 2. 25 million to 50 million people. 30% to 60%
Explain the definition:
Question 1. Manor System
Question 2. Self-sufficient
Question 3. Middle Ages
Answer 1. the organizing economic and social structure of medieval Europe, centered on self-sufficient estates called manors.
Answer 2. the ability to provide for one's own needs without external assistance or support.
Answer 3. lasted approximately from 500 to 1500 CE, bridging the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the start of the Renaissance.
Question 1. when did western roman empire collapse?
Question 2. what did it look like after the roman empire collapse?
Answer 1. September 4, 476 CE.
Answer 2. It was politically fragmented.
Question 1. What is feudalism?
Question 2. What did Feudalism start in western Europe?
Question 3. Explain the Feudal hierarchy and the relationship?
Answer 1. Feudalism is a system of power that was used from the 9th to the 15th century in Europe.
Answer 2. Feudalism started in western Europe because of the fall of the Roman empire.
Answer 3. King: Owned all land (nominally) and distributed large estates to high-ranking nobles. Lords: Held land directly from the king and provided counsel and military support. Mesne Tenants (Lesser Lords/Knights): Received portions of land from high nobles (a process called subinfeudation) to maintain themselves and fight for their lord.Peasants/Serfs: The largest group who worked the land (fiefs) in exchange for protection, often tied to the land and unable to leave.
Question 1. what was the most dominant religion in Europe?
Question 2. Who was the head of the catholic church?
Answer 1: Roman Catholic Church
Answer 2: The pope
Question 1. Why did the plague cause Feudalism to end?
Question 2. How did the crusades end feudalism?
Answer 1. The plague (Black Death) ended feudalism in Europe by causing a massive population decline (roughly 50%), which created a critical labor shortage.
Answer 2. The Crusades weakened feudalism by undermining the power of local lords, reducing the nobility's wealth through the costs of war, and accelerating the transition to a money-based economy.
Explain the definition:
Question 1. Fief
Question 2. Vassal
Question 3. serf
Answer 1: A fief is a landed estate or right granted by a lord to a vassal in medieval Europe, held on condition of feudal service, typically military support
Answer 2: a person in the medieval feudal system who was granted land (a fief) by a lord or king in exchange for loyalty, protection, and military service.
Answer 3: a medieval agricultural laborer bound to their lord's estate under the feudal system