Spanish/Mexican CA
What is the Spanish word for fort?
presidio
How does a hunter-gatherer survive?
hunting animals and gathering plants
From which country did the Mexicans living in Alta California want to be free?
Spain
What word names the money that the government collects from its citizens to pay for services?
tax
What do you call a line or natural feature that separates one geographic area from another?
boundary
People in the pueblos grew food for _________ _____________.
Spanish soldiers
What are you doing when you cultivate and area of land?
preparing the soil for planting crops (farming)
Who did not want to share their land and power with others?
Wealthy landowners/ Californios
Why did the Mexican government give the most land grants to Californios?
they were wealthy; they could pay taxes on the land
What do you call a wall that is built to hold back water?
dam
What do you call a system of producing and consuming goods?
economy
What kind of systems did the California Indians learn how to build in order to bring water to more areas for growing crops?
irrigation systems
In what year did Mexico win independence from Spain?
1821
Where did many California Indians end up after the missions shut down?
working on ranchos
Pueblo is a Spanish word for _______________.
village
Name two things done on ranchos.
agriculture (raising crops) and raising livestock (farm animals)
What kind of economy did the California Indians change to because of the arrival of the Spanish?
agricultural
What kind of geographic area relies on an outside government but still has some independence?
a territory
Ranchos became powerful under Mexican rule and replaced missions as the centers of __________________.
government
Why were most California Indians NOT given land grants by the Mexican government?
They could not afford to pay taxes on the land or build ranchos on the land.
What replaced the missions as the center of California's economy after the Mexican government took over?
ranchos
On what main idea is an agricultural economy based?
growing more food than needed for survival
Which four modern-day states made up the area known as Alta California?
California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona
Who was the first Mexican governor of California?
Jose Figueroa
What kind of government allows its citizens to have a say in how the country is run?
democratic