People
Premier of Quebec during the Quiet Revolution. He helped modernize Quebec and increase Quebec nationalism with the idea of “Maîtres chez nous” / “Masters in our own house.”
Jean Lesage
Nationalism is connected to northern land, culture, language, and self-government. The creation of Nunavut was an important step in their self-determination.
Inuit
Legal claims made by Indigenous peoples to land they traditionally used or occupied. They are often about treaty rights, title, compensation, or self-government.
Land Claims
Nation
A group of people who feel connected and share a sense of belonging.
The policy that English and French are both official languages of Canada. It is meant to protect both language groups and help unite the country.
Official Bilingualism
A reform politician in Canada West who worked with Louis LaFontaine. He helped bring responsible government to Canada.
Robert Baldwin
Nationalism based on a distinct mixed Indigenous and European identity, culture, history, and homeland. They have fought for recognition, land rights, and self-government.
Métis
A Canadian law that recognizes and protects Canada’s many cultures. It supports the idea that people can keep their cultural identity while being Canadian.
Multiculturalism Act
Nation-State
A country with its own government, territory, and independence.
Ethnic Nationalism
Nationalism based on shared ancestry, ethnicity, language, or traditions.
A French-Canadian politician from Canada East who worked with Robert Baldwin. He defended French-Canadian rights and helped create responsible government.
Louis LaFontaine
Connected to land, culture, treaty rights, and self-determination. Many want recognition of sovereignty and control over their own communities.
First Nations
A war between Britain and France that ended with Britain taking control of New France. This changed the future of French-speaking people in Canada.
Seven Years’ War
Nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.
Prime Minister of Canada who strongly supported federalism, bilingualism, multiculturalism, and a united Canada. He opposed Quebec separatism and used the War Measures Act during the FLQ Crisis.
Pierre Trudeau
A French-Canadian nationalist who believed Canada should be independent from Britain. He supported French language and Catholic rights but did not want Quebec to fully separate from Canada.
Henri Bourassa
Nationalism is based on protecting French language, culture, and identity. Some want more autonomy, while others want full sovereignty.
Quebec
A 1763 British law that organized Britain’s new territory after the Seven Years’ War. It also recognized some Indigenous land rights and said land could only be taken through treaties.
The Royal Proclamation
Patriotism
Love and loyalty for one’s country.
Civic Nationalism
Nationalism based on shared laws, citizenship, rights, and responsibilities.
Premier of Quebec before the Quiet Revolution. He supported traditional Catholic values, provincial autonomy, and resisted federal government control.
Maurice Duplessis
Nationalism is often connected to western alienation and feeling ignored by the federal government. Many want more control over resources, oil, and provincial decision-making.
Alberta
Quebec’s language law that made French the official language of Quebec. It protects French in schools, workplaces, signs, and government.
Bill 101
Civic Nationalism
Nationalism based on shared laws, citizenship, rights, and responsibilities.
A commission created to study the relationship between English and French Canadians. It helped lead to official bilingualism in Canada.
Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism